Adithi Ramakrishnan

Creative reuse centers, which function like thrift stores for donated craft materials, are expanding across the United States and internationally. They offer inexpensive supplies while diverting usable yarn, fabric, paint and other materials from landfills. Experts explain that reusing supplies reduces the water, energy and packaging required to produce new products and limits pollution from degrading plastics, heavy metals and synthetic materials. Artists are also encouraged to buy only what they need, donate unused materials, clean brushes without washing paint into drains, use paint-recycling programs and repurpose household items such as onion skins, beets, walnut shells and old makeup.

Forecasts of extreme heat linked to El Niño raise risks for summer travelers, prompting experts to recommend planning around high temperatures, checking heat indexes, and preparing for medical vulnerabilities. Guidance includes adjusting itineraries, ensuring reliable air conditioning, carrying cooling gear, and taking precautions during road trips, such as vehicle checks and avoiding leaving passengers in cars. Travelers are urged to recognize early signs of heat illness and act quickly if symptoms escalate. Flexible planning, travel insurance add-ons, and weather-related reimbursement services can help mitigate disruptions caused by dangerous heat.

A dinosaur tail bone discovered in 1985 on Antarctica’s James Ross Island was recently identified as belonging to a titanosaur after being overlooked for decades in a research collection. Improved analytical techniques enabled researchers to confirm the fossil’s origin after paleontologist Mark Evans rediscovered it. The find highlights Antarctica’s rare but significant dinosaur record and offers insight into a much warmer prehistoric environment. Geologist Mike Thomson, who originally collected the bone, died in 2020 before learning its true identity.

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory in Chile has begun a decade-long survey of the southern sky using the largest digital camera ever built, aiming to capture hundreds of deep images each night. The project is expected to transform understanding of galaxy formation, cosmic structure and elusive phenomena such as dark matter and dark energy. Improved instruments now allow the telescope to detect faint celestial objects and provide an unprecedented census of stars and galaxies. Funded by U.S. scientific agencies and named after pioneering astronomer Vera Rubin, the observatory will generate a massive global scientific effort as researchers analyze its high-resolution data.

Rescue teams in Venezuela are racing to find survivors in La Guaira after two major earthquakes destroyed hundreds of buildings. Experts explain that survival chances drop sharply after the first 24 hours, though individuals with access to air, water and a survivable void can live for days. Temperature, injuries, and hazards such as fire or chemicals further affect outcomes. Medical care before extraction is critical to prevent shock from crush injuries. International rescue workers have joined the effort, and past cases show survival is possible even after prolonged entrapment. The piece also outlines safety guidance for those caught in earthquakes.

Survival for people trapped after an earthquake depends on injuries, access to air and water, temperature conditions, and the presence of a survivable void space. Rescue chances decline sharply after the first 24 hours, though extraordinary long-term survivals have occurred. Over 2,600 rescue workers responded in Venezuela following major quakes that collapsed hundreds of buildings, and concerns about earlier response delays eased as operations became more organized. Experts stress conserving energy, seeking cover during quakes, and receiving medical care before extraction to prevent shock from crush injuries.

An asteroid named 1997 NC1 will pass Earth at a safe distance of 1.6 million miles, with its closest approach occurring Saturday morning. Estimated to be up to 1.65 kilometers wide, the object was first discovered in Hawaii and will not pass this close again until 2133. Agencies including NASA and the European Space Agency continue monitoring asteroid paths to ensure no collision risks, noting similar safe passes in recent years.

Recordings of tickled great apes and young children show that both produce laughter with similar rhythms and timing, indicating a shared evolutionary origin. Researchers note that while human laughter has become faster and more context‑dependent, its core characteristics mirror those of gorillas, orangutans, chimpanzees and bonobos. Experts suggest further comparative studies with other playful animals to deepen understanding of how laughter evolved and inform broader insights into human communication and speech development.

Soft plastic bags and films cannot go into household recycling bins because they clog sorting machinery and disrupt recycling operations. These materials, which persist for centuries in landfills, should instead be taken to designated drop‑off bins at grocery or convenience stores, especially items labeled with recycling codes two or four. Some organizations reuse donated plastics for creative or practical purposes, and at‑home repurposing offers additional options. Reducing reliance on plastic films through reusable bags and low‑packaging purchases further minimizes waste, with small behavioral changes contributing meaningfully to environmental impact.

Researchers analyzing ancient remains near Siberia's Lake Baikal identified plague-causing bacteria dating back 5,500 years, extending the known history of the disease. DNA from 18 individuals revealed two early outbreaks that spread through small hunter-gatherer groups, likely transmitted from marmots and between people. Many victims were children, and burial evidence reflects close community ties. The ancient strain predates the bubonic plague but appears similarly deadly. Scientists say understanding its early evolution may provide insights into how dangerous pathogens emerge.

Iran’s uranium enrichment program is under renewed scrutiny following U.S. and Israeli military strikes on several nuclear sites. Uranium enrichment processes, enrichment levels, and the technical steps toward weapons‑grade material are explained, with experts noting Iran possesses significant quantities of 60% enriched uranium. The IAEA cannot verify the current status of Iran’s enrichment activities due to restricted access after the June 2025 attacks, and past compliance issues remain unresolved. Estimates suggest Iran could produce multiple nuclear weapons if it chose to weaponize its stockpile, though no such decision has been confirmed.

Researchers identified plague DNA in ancient teeth from hunter-gatherers near Siberia’s Lake Baikal, pushing the earliest known evidence of the disease back to about 5,500 years ago. The findings show that prehistoric plague emerged earlier than previously believed, spread through small family groups, and likely originated from contact with infected marmots. Many victims were children, and burial patterns suggest close social ties. The study indicates the ancient pathogen evolved long before the later bubonic plague that devastated medieval Europe, offering insights into pathogen development and future disease emergence.

Forecasters warn of above‑average temperatures and an emerging El Niño, prompting experts to urge travelers to plan for extreme heat by monitoring forecasts, adjusting itineraries, and prioritizing cooling strategies. Medical specialists highlight heightened risks for vulnerable groups and note that certain medications impair the body’s ability to regulate temperature. Travelers are advised to prepare vehicles for heat, avoid leaving children or pets in cars, recognize early signs of heat illness, and seek immediate help for severe symptoms. Flexible planning, hydration, protective gear, and travel insurance options that cover weather disruptions can help ensure safe and enjoyable trips despite rising temperatures.

Researchers discovered the deepest and most extensive whale graveyard in the southeastern Indian Ocean, dating back up to 5.3 million years and supporting diverse deep‑sea species. Five carcass sites containing fossils of beaked and baleen whales were mapped during 2023 submersible expeditions, revealing ecosystems that likely include species new to science. The bones’ density, mineral coating, and deep‑ocean conditions helped preserve them. Scientists believe the area’s topography and natural causes contributed to the concentration of remains, offering insights into how life adapts to extreme deep‑sea environments.

China’s Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory released initial findings showing highly precise measurements of how neutrinos shift between different types. The underground detector studies antineutrinos produced by nearby nuclear plants to investigate the relative masses of neutrino flavors, a longstanding scientific mystery not yet resolved by the early data. Researchers emphasize that the results demonstrate the detector’s capability for future discoveries, while upcoming experiments in Japan and the United States will provide further verification.

NASA named the four astronauts for the Artemis III mission, who will remain in Earth orbit to practice docking their Orion capsule with lunar landers as part of preparations for a future moon landing. The mission supports the agency’s accelerated Artemis program, which aims to return astronauts to the lunar surface by 2028. SpaceX and Blue Origin are competing to supply the landers, with Blue Origin working to recover from a recent rocket test failure. NASA has also awarded major contracts to multiple companies to develop technology for a future moon base intended to support eventual Mars exploration.

Experts warn that loud concerts can cause lasting hearing damage and recommend earplugs as an effective way to reduce sound levels without compromising music quality. Earplugs with a Noise Reduction Rating of 15 to 30 decibels and a proper deep fit offer the best protection. Increasing numbers of young concertgoers are adopting earplugs, helped by the availability of stylish options. Persistent symptoms after concerts should prompt medical evaluation.

Experts warn that loud concerts can cause lasting hearing damage and increasingly recommend earplugs as a simple protective measure that preserves sound quality. Audiologists note that prolonged exposure to high decibel levels can damage inner ear hair cells, leading to tinnitus or hearing loss. A growing number of young concertgoers are adopting earplugs, with options ranging from basic foam plugs to stylish or custom-fitted versions. Proper fit is emphasized for effectiveness, and persistent symptoms after concerts should prompt a hearing evaluation. Adjusting to earplugs may take time, but they help maintain long‑term hearing health.

Concertgoers are increasingly turning to earplugs to prevent long-term hearing damage caused by high decibel levels at live events, with audiologists stressing that earplugs reduce volume without diminishing music quality. Experts explain how noise exposure harms the inner ear and offer guidance on selecting and properly fitting earplugs, including custom options. Users report positive experiences, noting clearer sound and reduced strain. Persistent post-concert symptoms such as ringing or muffled hearing should prompt medical evaluation, as early protection helps preserve long-term hearing.

Researchers discovered strong magnetic signals in pigeons’ livers, suggesting iron-rich immune cells there may contribute to their navigation ability. Removing these cells caused the birds to lose their sense of direction, particularly on cloudy days when they cannot rely on the sun. The study proposes a new mechanism for magnetic sensing, though experts note further research is needed as similar cells appear in other organs and birds may use multiple systems to navigate.

Researchers documented two humpback whales traveling up to 9,300 miles between Australia and Brazil, setting new migration distance records confirmed through decades of photo identification data. The findings challenge assumptions about population separation and underscore the species’ long‑distance capabilities, with tracking methods offering value for monitoring whales as ocean temperatures rise.

Scientists identified two humpback whales that separately travelled between Australia and Brazil, each covering roughly 9,000 miles, marking the longest recorded migrations for the species. Researchers confirmed the journeys by matching decades of whale photographs with recognition software. The findings challenge assumptions about the separation of whale populations and may offer insights into how climate change could reshape feeding and breeding patterns.

A de-extinction company, Colossal Biosciences, reports hatching 26 chicks using a 3D‑printed artificial eggshell system as part of efforts to genetically engineer birds resembling extinct species such as the giant moa. Independent scientists note the accomplishment but stress the system is not a full artificial egg and question the feasibility of reviving extinct animals. Critics raise concerns about the survival of de-extinct species in modern ecosystems and argue conservation resources should prioritize currently endangered wildlife.

A biotechnology company successfully hatched chickens using a 3D‑printed artificial eggshell, prompting debate among scientists about its role in future de‑extinction efforts. Experts note that while the structure mimics some egg functions, it lacks key biological components and does not constitute a true artificial egg. The technology is part of Colossal Biosciences’ long‑term goal of engineering birds resembling the extinct moa, though scientists question the feasibility of both resurrecting such species and ensuring their survival in modern environments. Some argue the approach may be more useful for conserving endangered species than reviving long‑extinct ones.

Analysis of 400,000-year-old Homo erectus teeth from China found two enamel protein mutations, including one linking the ancient species to Denisovans and a small portion of modern humans. The findings suggest gene flow from Homo erectus to Denisovans, with later transmission to modern humans through interbreeding. Researchers note that limited fossil and DNA evidence leaves relationships among early human relatives unresolved, highlighting the need for additional samples to clarify evolutionary connections.

J. Craig Venter, a pioneering geneticist who co-led the effort to decode the human genome, died at 79 in San Diego following complications from cancer treatment. His institute announced his death, noting his central role in using alternative sequencing techniques to accelerate genome mapping and in publishing one of the first fully sequenced individual genomes. Venter’s work advanced understanding of genetic influences on disease and contributed to breakthroughs in synthetic biology, including creating a bacterial cell with synthetic DNA. His career included service in the U.S. Navy, research at the National Institutes of Health, and leadership in private and nonprofit genomics initiatives.

Members of the National Science Board were abruptly dismissed by the Trump administration, raising concerns about the National Science Foundation’s vulnerability to proposed budget cuts. Critics, including board member Keivan Stassun and Senator Maria Cantwell, warned the move undermines scientific expertise and could ease the path for significant funding reductions. The NSF’s recent relocation and ongoing budget disputes underscore broader tensions surrounding federal support for scientific research.

The Lyrid meteor shower peaked with 10 to 20 meteors per hour visible across the Northern Hemisphere, originating from debris left by Comet Thatcher. Known for over 2,500 years, the Lyrids remain one of the oldest recorded showers. The Eta Aquarids, produced by Halley’s Comet, will be the next major meteor display in early May.

The Lyrid meteor shower will peak from Tuesday night into early Wednesday, offering views of 10 to 20 meteors per hour under favourable dark-sky conditions due to a dim, early-setting crescent moon. Best viewing is after midnight and especially after 2am once the moon has set, with observers advised to avoid light pollution and allow time for their eyes to adjust. The shower originates from debris left by comet Thatcher and can be seen until 25 April, followed by the Eta Aquarids in early May.

The Lyrid meteor shower is expected to peak between Tuesday night and early Wednesday, offering 10 to 20 meteors per hour. Visibility will be favorable due to a dim crescent moon setting before the shower intensifies. The Lyrids originate from Comet Thatcher and are among the oldest recorded meteor events. Optimal viewing requires heading outside after midnight, avoiding light pollution, allowing eyes to adjust, and looking toward the Lyra constellation in the northeast.

A New York City Ballet principal dancer discovered she had significant hearing loss after struggling with cues and conversations, eventually choosing to use hearing aids that transformed her daily life and performance experience. Experts highlight common symptoms of hearing loss, the importance of medical evaluation, and available treatment options ranging from over-the-counter aids to cochlear implants. Addressing hearing loss can improve communication, mental health, and cognitive well-being, and the dancer encourages others to seek help without shame.

Experts explain that sitting in a parked car provides a brief emotional reset between daily activities by offering a controlled, quiet space to decompress. Short pauses can improve focus, mood and energy if used mindfully, though excessive scrolling or avoidance can negate the benefits. Psychologists recommend using these moments to slow breathing, listen to music or mentally prepare for the next part of the day, helping reduce stress and support wellbeing.

Strategies for avoiding disposable fast furniture include sourcing free items through community groups, buying secondhand, and gradually investing in higher‑quality pieces made from durable materials. Experts highlight the environmental impact of discarded furniture and stress the value of community exchanges, careful maintenance, and giving furniture a second life through gifting or resale.

Rare video of a sperm whale birth revealed coordinated support among female whales from multiple family lines, with individuals lifting the newborn to the surface and producing distinct sounds during key moments. The observations, captured off Dominica and analyzed through new software, provide rare insight into the social cooperation and communication of these deep‑diving mammals and raise new questions about how such groups form and synchronize during critical events.

Genetic analysis of more than 200 ancient dogs and wolves suggests canine domestication began at least 15,800 years ago, pushing the timeline back by around 5,000 years. Researchers used new DNA-isolation techniques to study early dog lineages and found that ancient dogs were already widespread across Western Europe and Asia before the advent of agriculture. While human populations shifted significantly with the rise of farming, dog genetics in these regions remained relatively stable, shaped more by interactions among hunter-gatherer groups. Scientists believe early dogs likely resembled small wolves and lived closely with humans in roles ranging from hunting assistance to companionship.

Ancient canine DNA analysis shows dogs were domesticated at least 15,800 years ago, extending the known timeline by around 5,000 years. Newly isolated genetic material from more than 200 remains reveals that early dogs were widespread across Western Europe and Asia and lived alongside nomadic hunter‑gatherers. These early dogs likely resembled small wolves and may have assisted humans in tasks such as guarding or hunting.

A new study published in Science challenges the long‑held belief that Chile’s Monte Verde site represents the earliest human presence in the Americas, proposing a significantly younger age based on geological reinterpretation. The findings suggest materials above an 11,000‑year‑old volcanic ash layer are no older than 8,200 years, prompting disputes from researchers who argue the study overlooks previously dated artefacts and relies on inadequate sampling. The revised timeline could affect theories about early human migration routes, though other pre‑Clovis sites across North America remain part of the broader debate.

A new study challenges long‑accepted dating of Chile’s Monte Verde site, suggesting it is no older than 8,200 years, conflicting with earlier evidence of human presence around 14,500 years ago. Critics, including original excavators, argue the new analysis relies on samples from geologically different surrounding areas and fails to account for well‑dated artifacts. The revised timeline could influence theories about early human migration routes into the Americas, prompting calls for further independent investigation.

Recently donated photographs reveal new views of Neil Armstrong and David Scott after their emergency Gemini 8 landing in 1966. Shot by photographer Ron McQueeney, the images capture the astronauts’ return to Okinawa following Armstrong’s decisive actions that stopped the spacecraft’s dangerous spin and forced an early splashdown. Experts note the astronauts’ relief and professionalism in the photos, which help the Armstrong Air and Space Museum expand its account of the mission. NASA’s current lunar efforts underscore the continued difficulty and precision required in human spaceflight.

Photos capture a total lunar eclipse visible across the Americas, with regions in Australia and eastern Asia expected to see it later in the day. The event followed a recent ring‑of‑fire solar eclipse and occurs due to alignment of the sun, Earth and moon, with the moon turning red from filtered sunlight. Astronomers note that lunar eclipses unfold gradually and require no special equipment to observe. A partial lunar eclipse is expected in August across multiple continents.

A total lunar eclipse will be visible across North America, Central America and western South America on Tuesday, with Australia and eastern Asia seeing it that night. Partial phases will be observable in Central Asia and much of South America, while Africa and Europe will miss the event. The eclipse will last several hours, with totality for about an hour, and requires no special equipment to view. Experts describe it as a slow‑paced spectacle caused by Earth’s shadow covering the moon, which turns red from filtered sunlight. Another partial lunar eclipse is expected in August across the Americas, Europe, Africa and West Asia.

A total lunar eclipse producing a red-hued blood moon will occur this week, visible Tuesday morning across the Americas and Tuesday night in Australia and eastern Asia. The event, created when Earth blocks sunlight from directly reaching the full moon, will last several hours with about an hour of totality. The eclipse requires no special equipment to view aside from clear skies and will be the last total lunar eclipse until late 2028.

A rare planetary parade will occur this weekend, featuring Mercury, Venus, Jupiter and Saturn visible to the naked eye, while Uranus and Neptune require optical aids. Viewing is recommended about an hour after sunset, looking west with minimal obstructions. Scientists note that planets can be distinguished from stars by their lack of twinkling, and the event offers a connection to historical skywatching. The alignment will remain visible for several days before Mercury drops below the horizon.

A genetic analysis shows that interbreeding between humans and Neanderthals likely occurred mainly between female humans and male Neanderthals, based on an uneven distribution of Neanderthal and human DNA on the X chromosome. Researchers conclude that behavioural or societal patterns best explain the asymmetry, highlighting their influence on human evolutionary history.

Genetic analysis indicates that mating between humans and Neanderthals occurred more often between human females and Neanderthal males, based on contrasting patterns of DNA found on the X chromosome. Researchers observed more human-derived DNA on Neanderthal X chromosomes and less Neanderthal DNA on human X chromosomes, suggesting gender‑skewed mating over thousands of years. While alternative explanations remain possible, scientists consider mating behavior the most likely cause. The findings highlight how cultural or social dynamics may have shaped ancient interactions between the two groups.

Researchers at Harvard University determined that basketball shoe squeaks are produced by rapid oscillations in the sole as it repeatedly grips and releases the floor. Ridge patterns on soles organize these micro‑ripples, creating the distinct high‑pitched sound, whereas flat rubber produces disordered motion without squeaks. The findings, published in Nature, expand understanding of high‑speed friction and may inform future designs to eliminate or tune squeaking, with implications for fields ranging from earthquake physics to reducing frictional energy loss.

Researchers studying horse vocalizations found that the high-pitched component of a whinny is created by a whistling mechanism in the voice box, making horses the only known large mammals capable of producing such sounds. Using internal cameras, scans and experiments with isolated voice boxes, scientists discovered that air vibrates vocal tissues while a contracted area above forms a small opening that produces the whistle. The two-toned structure may help horses communicate more complex emotional messages. The findings were published in Current Biology with commentary from equine experts.

Improper disposal of household and lithium‑ion batteries can release toxic materials and cause fires, but safe recycling reduces environmental and safety risks. Experts recommend identifying battery types, taping terminals, and using registered drop‑off locations since some states have specific disposal rules. Recycled batteries are broken down for reuse in new products, reducing the need for mining. Good disposal habits prevent indoor leaks and lower environmental impact, offering a simple way to manage household waste responsibly.

Nutrition experts outline strategies for maintaining health during Ramadan fasting, emphasizing balanced pre-dawn meals with fiber and protein, proper hydration, and avoidance of sugary foods and caffeine. They recommend moderating portions at iftar, staying mindful of hunger cues, and adjusting exercise routines to prevent dehydration. Individuals with medical conditions or specific health risks are advised to seek medical guidance before fasting.

Research on a captive bonobo named Kanzi suggests he may distinguish between real and imaginary scenarios, indicating a possible capacity for pretend play in apes. In experiments involving imaginary juice and pretend grapes, Kanzi consistently selected containers holding the imagined items while also showing he could differentiate real from fake. Some scientists remain skeptical, arguing that more direct demonstrations of pretend play are needed. Kanzi’s human-raised background complicates conclusions about other apes, though the findings open new directions for exploring great ape cognition.

Two wooden artifacts uncovered in Greece's Megalopolis basin represent the oldest known wooden tools at about 430,000 years old. One appears to be a digging stick and the other may have been used for shaping stone tools. Their preservation was enabled by rapid sediment burial and a wet environment. The site has previously yielded stone tools and animal bones with cut marks, but no human remains, leaving the toolmakers uncertain. Researchers note the rarity of preserved wooden tools and the insight these finds offer into early human technology.

A new high‑resolution map created using the James Webb Space Telescope offers the most detailed view yet of distant galaxies, helping scientists study how dark matter shapes the universe. The map reveals galaxy clusters and dark‑matter filaments across 10 billion years, improving on earlier Hubble‑based maps. Researchers say such data advances understanding of dark matter’s distribution and its role in cosmic structure formation, with experts noting the importance of uncovering the universe’s origins.

Breast self-awareness is encouraged as a flexible approach to early breast cancer detection, focusing on recognizing personal changes in breast appearance or feel rather than performing structured monthly self-exams. Experts emphasize continuing regular mammogram screenings, noting that most breast changes are benign but should still be evaluated by a doctor. Higher‑risk individuals may require earlier or additional screening, and maintaining awareness between routine exams helps ensure timely detection of abnormalities.

Handprint stencils discovered in a cave on Sulawesi have been dated to at least 67,800 years ago, making them the oldest known cave art. The prints, likely created by blowing pigment over hands, show deliberate fingertip modification and suggest an early artistic culture. Researchers dated mineral crusts over the images to establish their age, noting the significance for understanding the emergence of human creativity. The creators may have been Denisovans or early modern humans. Additional nearby drawings are much younger, and researchers expect older art may yet be found across surrounding islands.

Researchers uncovered seven mummified cheetahs and bones from 54 others in caves near Arar in northern Saudi Arabia, dating from 130 to over 1,800 years old. The dry, stable cave conditions likely contributed to their natural preservation, though the reason so many cheetahs were present remains unclear. Genetic analysis shows close similarity to modern cheetahs from Asia and northwest Africa, offering insights into historic populations and informing potential future reintroduction efforts as cheetahs have disappeared from the Arabian Peninsula due to habitat loss and hunting.

Research on gifted word-learning dogs shows that some can learn new toy names by overhearing conversations. In tests involving ten such dogs, seven correctly retrieved newly named toys after only passive exposure, even when visual access to the object was blocked. The study highlights rare cognitive abilities in certain dogs, parallels with learning behaviors in other animals, and distinctions from human word acquisition. Experts emphasize the significance of these findings while noting that most dogs do not exhibit this skill.

NASA postponed a scheduled spacewalk after an astronaut experienced a medical issue, prompting the agency to consider ending the International Space Station mission early. The affected crew member is stable while NASA reviews options. The four-person U.S.-Japanese-Russian crew has been aboard the station since August.

A supermoon and the Quadrantid meteor shower will coincide in early January, though bright moonlight is expected to reduce meteor visibility. The Quadrantids typically offer around 25 meteors per hour in dark conditions, but fewer than 10 may be seen due to the supermoon’s illumination. Experts advise viewing early in the evening or before dawn, away from city lights, to maximize visibility. Meteor showers arise as Earth passes through debris streams, while supermoons occur when the moon is nearer in its orbit. The next notable meteor shower, the Lyrids, will occur in April, and the next supermoon is not expected until late 2026.

The Ursid meteor shower, originating from comet 8P/Tuttle, peaks between Sunday night and Monday morning and remains visible through 26 December. Observers in the Northern Hemisphere may see five to ten meteors per hour, with occasional bursts up to twenty‑five. Viewing requires no equipment, only a dark location away from city lights and time for eyes to adjust.

Hubble observations revealed that two bright spots once thought to be planets near the star Fomalhaut were actually dust clouds created by massive collisions of large space rocks. The findings suggest such impacts may be more common than previously believed, offering insight into planetary formation. Scientists plan further monitoring to track the evolution and dispersal of the debris clouds.

The Geminid meteor shower is expected to peak this weekend with up to 120 meteors per hour visible under dark skies, especially in the Northern Hemisphere. Visibility depends on factors such as moon brightness and light pollution. Viewers are advised to seek dark locations, allow their eyes to adjust, and avoid bright lights. The Geminids originate from the asteroid 3200 Phaethon rather than a comet.

A December supermoon, the last of three in a row for 2025, will appear slightly larger and brighter due to the moon’s closer position in its elliptical orbit. While visible without equipment, the difference is subtle and enhanced only slightly by the natural moon illusion near the horizon. Minor tidal increases may occur, though they are not significant.

Funding cuts at the National Institutes of Health halted 383 clinical studies between February and August, disrupting research for more than 74,000 participants and delaying or stopping trials for conditions such as cancer, heart disease and infectious diseases. Researchers warn the cuts undermine evidence generation, damage trust in medical institutions and may prevent patients from accessing potentially beneficial treatments. Additional policy decisions and legal challenges have further enabled reductions in NIH-supported research, prompting concern among scientific and medical stakeholders.

Experts advise regular cleaning of reusable water bottles to prevent bacteria, mould and other microbes from collecting in hard‑to‑reach areas. Daily washing with warm, soapy water and periodic deep cleaning using dishwashers, cleaning tablets or vinegar solutions are recommended, especially when bottles are used for sugary beverages. Opinions vary on how often to discard leftover water, but all stress maintaining basic habits and avoiding reuse of disposable plastic bottles due to chemical leaching and higher contamination risk.

A coronal mass ejection from the sun is expected to reach Earth between Thursday night and Friday morning, prompting a strong geomagnetic storm watch and the possibility of visible auroras across numerous northern U.S. states. Visibility will depend on timing and atmospheric conditions, while bright moonlight may make spotting the lights more difficult. The sun is at the peak of its 11‑year cycle, increasing the frequency of auroras and geomagnetic activity. Solar storms can also disrupt power grids, satellites, and communications. Forecasts are available through NOAA’s Space Weather Prediction Center, and experts recommend viewing from dark, rural locations with clear skies.

Researchers detected the brightest-known flare from a supermassive black hole, observed in 2018 at California’s Palomar Observatory. The flare, as bright as 10 trillion suns, likely resulted from a large star being torn apart after approaching the black hole too closely. Published in Nature Astronomy, the findings provide insight into how supermassive black holes interact with their surroundings in the early universe. Scientists note that studying such events helps illuminate black hole formation and the evolution of cosmic environments.

A newly analyzed dinosaur skeleton discovered in Montana provides evidence that a long-debated small skull from the 1940s belonged to a distinct species, Nanotyrannus lancensis, rather than a juvenile Tyrannosaurus rex. The specimen’s growth rings and structural features indicate it was a fully grown adult about half the size of T. rex. While some scientists argue this strengthens the case for Nanotyrannus as a separate species, others maintain it may instead represent a close sister species to T. rex. The findings have implications for understanding T. rex development and predator dynamics near the end of the dinosaur era. The skeleton, known as the “Dueling Dinosaurs,” is displayed at the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences.