Pakistan has seen a nearly threefold expansion of its mangrove forests from 1986 to 2020, contrasting with global declines. This success is attributed to extensive planting, conservation efforts, and community engagement. Key projects include initiatives by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Sindh Forest Department, which have significantly increased mangrove coverage and provided economic benefits to local communities. Despite these gains, threats such as wood harvesting, camel grazing, pollution, and altered hydrology continue to challenge mangrove survival. The Sindh Forest Department aims to further expand mangrove forests, supported by national policies focused on climate resilience and ecosystem restoration.

Pakistan has significantly expanded its mangrove forests over the past 30 years, countering the global trend of decline. Key initiatives include projects led by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Sindh Forest Department, which have engaged local communities in restoration efforts. Despite challenges such as woodcutting, camel grazing, and pollution, the country has seen a nearly threefold increase in mangrove coverage. These efforts are part of broader national policies aimed at enhancing climate resilience and protecting ecosystems. The success of these initiatives is attributed to continuous government and NGO efforts, community involvement, and adaptive management practices.

The article discusses the fear and panic within PML-N and PDM regarding upcoming elections in Pakistan, highlighting their undemocratic actions to avoid elections due to PTI's rising popularity. It outlines four major reasons for PML-N's reluctance, including the potential for PTI to gain a two-thirds majority, lack of ideological base, loss of narratives, and loss of voters. The article suggests that PML-N needs a significant overhaul, including new leadership and adherence to democratic processes, to regain political relevance.

Journalism in Balochistan faces significant challenges due to its centralization in Quetta and the influx of untrained journalists. The region's conflict-ridden nature necessitates conflict-sensitive journalism, which emphasizes understanding the conflict's dimensions and stages. Journalists face physical and psychological dangers, exacerbated by inadequate training and exposure to traumatic events. The lack of advanced journalism courses and research opportunities further hampers the field. A well-developed conflict-sensitive journalism course across educational institutions is essential to equip journalists with the necessary skills for effective reporting.

The article discusses the ongoing judicial crisis in Pakistan, drawing parallels to a similar crisis in 1997 involving the Pakistan Muslim League (N) and the Sharif family. It highlights the repeated confrontations between the judiciary and the ruling party, emphasizing the use of political rewards and loyalty to the Sharif family. The author criticizes the current attacks on the Supreme Court and its Chief Justice Umar Ata Bandial, suggesting that the political dynamics in Pakistan have not changed significantly over the years.

The article discusses the challenges faced by journalists in Karachi, Pakistan, a city plagued by urban issues such as flooding, lack of clean water, and political violence. Despite these difficulties and the lack of public information, Karachi remains a rich source for investigative reporting. Journalists like Mahim Maher of Aaj English and Oonib Azam of The News International share their experiences and tips for reporting in such an environment. They emphasize the importance of using alternative sources like maps, data, NGOs, and court records to uncover stories about municipal issues. The article also highlights the need for journalists to establish facts, develop a beat, and find innovative ways to tell stories. Additional resources for investigative reporting in Pakistan are provided, including contributions from GIJN’s Urdu Editor Amel Ghani and researcher/journalist Ayaz Khan.

Ayaz Khan covers a range of topics in his articles. He discusses the significant decline in mango production in Pakistan, attributing a 60 percent drop to unspecified causes. In sports, he highlights the progress of women's football in Lyari, where Baloch women are overcoming social barriers to play the game. The technology piece focuses on the impact of a four-day internet blackout on workers, particularly delivery riders, who depend on online apps for their livelihood. Lastly, he touches on the effects of climate change on Pakistan's coastal fishing community, noting how their traditional methods and folklore are fading.

Mango production in Pakistan, the second largest fruit crop in the country, is facing severe challenges due to climate change. Fluctuating temperatures, extreme weather events, and pest invasions have led to a significant decline in mango yields, with a 60% drop reported last year. Farmers like Tofiq Pasha Mooraj and Shahid Hameed Bhutta are grappling with these issues, while experts like Dr Parvez Rahim emphasize the need for sustainable and smart agriculture practices. Despite some short-term solutions, long-term strategies are lacking, leaving farmers vulnerable to future climatic uncertainties.

Ayaz Khan, substituting as a biology teacher, reflects on the lack of knowledge among science students in Pakistan regarding human origin and the role of climate change in the development of organisms. He suggests that including a dedicated chapter on human origin in biology textbooks could greatly benefit students' understanding of these concepts. Khan recommends 'The Earth Transformed, An Untold History' by Peter Frankopan as a valuable resource for curriculum developers. He also comments on the state of creative education in Pakistan, which he believes is in decline.

Karachi, Pakistan's largest city, faces numerous urban challenges such as flooding, water scarcity, and public transport issues, which are fertile ground for investigative journalism. Despite difficulties accessing public information and media censorship, journalists like Mahim Maher of Aaj English and Oonib Azam of The News International use innovative methods like maps and data to uncover systemic problems. They focus on issues like land grabbing and the city's disappearing coastline, employing tools like Google Earth and satellite imagery to enhance their reporting. Their work emphasizes the importance of establishing facts, finding alternative sources, and developing a beat to deeply understand and effectively communicate complex urban issues.

The article humorously discusses the role and perception of 'kuchloos' in the workplace, highlighting their importance in both physical and remote work environments. It contrasts the diligent work of kuchloos with the incompetence of a character named Cobra, who struggles with simple tasks. The narrative also touches on the impact of remote work post-pandemic and includes a satirical reference to Donald Trump.

The Media Development Foundation's recent report highlights the adaptation of Ukrainian local news outlets to the ongoing war, despite significant challenges. Ukrainian media have expanded their scope to cater to both domestic and international audiences, with a notable increase in English-language content. The report identifies major risks including military threats, emotional burnout, financial instability, and marketing challenges. Information gathering in occupied territories remains difficult, and social network restrictions hinder content distribution. Grant funding has become crucial for media operations, and there is a cautious return to strategic planning.

The Star Tribune is offering a free one-year digital subscription to Minnesota's entire graduating high school Class of 2023 as part of its News in Education program. This initiative aims to support teachers and schools in teaching social studies, civics, and current events, while also growing the newspaper's digital subscriptions. The program has already surpassed its initial sign-up goal, demonstrating the value of reliable reporting to younger audiences. Star Tribune CEO Steve Grove and education audience development manager Ken Lawrence emphasize the importance of connecting with new audiences and establishing trust in credible journalism.

The article discusses the severe impact of a four-day internet blackout in Pakistan following the arrest of Imran Khan, leader of Pakistan Tehreek-i-Insaf. The disruption affected various online service providers like InDrive, Bykea, and FoodPanda, leaving many workers unable to earn their daily income. The blackout resulted in significant financial losses and highlighted the country's ongoing issues with internet freedom. The article emphasizes the need for authorities to consider the repercussions of such decisions on daily-wage earners.

Imran Khan is portrayed as a beloved and courageous leader who has transformed from a politician to a national hero in Pakistan. The article highlights his resilience in the face of legal battles, assassination attempts, and political opposition. It contrasts his actions with those of other political figures like Nawaz Sharif and Benazir Bhutto, emphasizing his commitment to Pakistan. The narrative suggests that Khan's predictions about political events have come true, further solidifying his status as a visionary and mentor. The author argues that Khan's leadership style and personal sacrifices have endeared him to the masses, making him a symbol of hope for many Pakistanis.

The study investigates the hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and antioxidant effects of Dianthus orientalis leaves aqueous extract (DO.AQ) in rabbits intoxicated with paracetamol. The extract showed significant remedial effects, reducing elevated serum levels of liver and kidney markers, improving lipid profiles, and enhancing antioxidant capacities. Histological analysis supported the protective activity of the extract against paracetamol-induced oxidative stress and serum electrolyte imbalance. The findings suggest that DO.AQ has potent therapeutic potential for liver and kidney injuries.

The construction industry is undergoing a digital transformation driven by the Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR-4.0) and accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper explores the implementation of digital technologies like Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Digital Twin (DT) in the construction sector. It identifies gaps and disruptive technologies that could transform the industry, providing a roadmap for technology adoption. The study highlights the importance of digital solutions for remote operations, enhanced supply chain connections, and improved operational transparency. The integration of BIM and DT is seen as pivotal for future construction, offering significant potential for productivity and sustainability improvements.

Fishermen in Balochistan's Gadani are struggling with the impacts of climate change, which have rendered traditional weather prediction techniques obsolete. Veteran fishermen like Wahid Bakhsh and Majeed Motani express concerns over the changing sea patterns and declining fish varieties. The erosion of the Indus delta, exacerbated by human activities and upstream dam constructions, has further worsened the situation. Climate change activist Afia Salam highlights the need for adherence to water management accords to mitigate these impacts. The fishing community faces significant challenges, including potential displacement and starvation due to the compounded effects of climate change and overfishing.

The Bhootani panel, an alliance of PPP, BNP-M, and JUI-F, dominated the local body elections in Hub, winning 11 out of 12 union council seats and 28 out of 42 municipal corporation seats. In contrast, the Jam alliance, supported by the National Party, secured the majority in Lasbela. The elections saw a significant number of unopposed candidates in both districts. The creation of Hub as a new district, driven by Sardar Saleh Bhootani, has been a contentious issue, particularly opposed by former chief minister Jam Kamal Khan Alyani.

Human activities and climate change are accelerating the extinction of bird species, with many once-common birds now rarely seen. The author reflects on personal experiences with hunting and the decline of bird populations in Khuzdar, Balochistan. The article highlights the significant role of human-induced habitat destruction and industrial practices in this decline. Wildlife artist Ghulam Abbas Khaskheli's work is praised for documenting bird species through art, providing a valuable reference for future generations.

Pakistani politicians have seemingly neglected the diaspora of Pakistani immigrants, failing to connect with them and address their concerns. The diaspora, now more exposed to democratic values and rule of law, is disillusioned with the political situation in Pakistan. Political parties have resorted to vilifying the diaspora rather than engaging with them constructively. The author argues that this approach is counterproductive and that political parties must recognize the importance of the diaspora, especially as they are likely to gain voting rights in the future.

Pakistani journalism, despite its expansion, has struggled to achieve intellectual excellence, often focusing on trivial matters. Dr. Moeed Pirzada's recent vlog offers a rare, logical analysis of a political party's decline, likening it to a dying dinosaur. The article explores how political parties in Pakistan, like products, undergo lifecycle changes influenced by both real and artificial factors. The Pakistan Peoples Party and PMLN are critiqued for their strategic missteps, with PMLN's selfish interests leading to its downfall. The author draws parallels with historical events to illustrate the inevitable decline of political entities.

Hub Dam, a key water source for Karachi, is plagued by unregulated sand mining, leading to environmental and human safety hazards. Deep pits created by mining have caused multiple drowning incidents, including the tragic deaths of Jabeen and her children. The unchecked mining has also exacerbated the impact of recent floods, damaging infrastructure like the main bridge connecting Hub to Karachi. Experts highlight the need for scientific methods and regulatory oversight to mitigate the adverse effects on the environment, water resources, and local communities.

The article discusses the unique aspects of the Pakistan Army, emphasizing its concept of martyrdom and the deep respect it commands among Pakistanis. It highlights the army's role in shaping Pakistan's political landscape, particularly its influence in promoting anti-corruption narratives against political parties like the Pakistan Peoples Party and Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz). The rise of Imran Khan and his party, Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf, is attributed to their anti-corruption stance, which resonated with the masses. The article questions the credibility of the army and political elites, urging for logical explanations to restore trust.

The article discusses the controversy surrounding the Toshakhana, a government institution in Pakistan where state gifts are kept. It explains the difference between Toshakhana and Baitul Maal, the process of gift reporting, and the rules for disposing of gifts. The author argues that if procedures are followed, no corruption should occur in Toshakhana. The article also suggests a way forward by reevaluating past gifts and prosecuting any misappraisals. The author criticizes the political exploitation of the issue and compares the situation with neighboring countries, implying that Pakistani politicians lack ethical values.

Following the installation of a new government led by Pakistan Muslim League Nawaz (PML-N) after a no-confidence vote against former Prime Minister Imran Khan, the new administration announced the dismantling of the Pakistan Media Development Authority (PMDA) and a review of the Pakistan Electronic Crimes Act (PECA). Despite these announcements, free expression advocates remain skeptical, citing the previous government's similar unfulfilled promises. The PMDA, criticized for its stringent regulations on media, was seen as a move to control press freedom. The article highlights concerns about the impact of such laws on marginalized communities and the need for tangible actions to protect free speech.

Political tensions in Balochistan are rising as former Chief Minister Jam Kamal Khan Alyani and MNA Aslam Bhootani clash over the proposal to create a new district, Hub, citing population growth. The debate highlights the political maneuvering ahead of general elections, with both sides accusing each other of using the issue for electoral gain. The article critiques the frequent creation of new districts in Balochistan, arguing that it increases administrative costs without solving underlying issues. The need for improved waste management and anti-corruption measures in Hub is emphasized over the creation of a new district.

Rameez Kareem and his brother Sabir discuss the importance of climate-change education in Balochistan, where erratic rainfall and high temperatures pose significant challenges. The Education Department of Balochistan has integrated climate-change topics into some subjects, but there is a push to make it a separate subject. Various studies highlight the benefits of climate-change education, and international agreements like the UNFCCC support such initiatives. Local campaigns and experts emphasize the need for practical activities and workshops to raise awareness and promote sustainable practices. Balochistan's unique ecological challenges necessitate prioritizing climate education in government planning.

Balochistan's political landscape remains unstable with a recent no-confidence motion against Chief Minister Jam Kamal by 16 lawmakers, including members of his own party. Despite efforts by Senate Chairman Sadiq Sanjrani to mediate, the opposition remains dissatisfied and may intensify efforts to dethrone the CM. The motion's success is doubtful due to weak reasons cited by the opposition, such as socio-economic issues and unemployment, which are widespread across Pakistan. The article highlights the political maneuvering and internal conflicts within the ruling party, emphasizing the impact on the province's people.

The article discusses the state of minority rights in Balochistan, focusing on the landmark judgment by Chief Justice Tassaduq Hussain Jillani in 2014, which aimed to protect religious minorities from discrimination and ensure their security. Despite some progress, such as increased security measures for places of worship, challenges remain, including the feasibility of establishing a special police task force and the need to address extremist mindsets. Minority rights activists express mixed views on the effectiveness of current measures, highlighting both achievements and ongoing issues.

Pakistan ranks 145 out of 180 countries in the Press Freedom Index by Reporters without Borders, with a consistent position since 2020. The Freedom Network Pakistan report reveals that six journalists have been killed and seven assassination attempts have been recorded since May 2020. Long-term data shows that nearly 100 journalists have been killed since 1994, with KPK and Balochistan being the most dangerous regions. The article highlights the challenges faced by journalists, including impunity for their murders, lack of risk assessment training, and the need for stronger legislation to protect them. The current repressive measures by the government and the pandemic have further hindered journalists' ability to perform their duties, leading to an increase in misinformation.

Press freedom in Pakistan is under severe threat, with the country ranked 145th on the World Press Freedom Index. Despite a slight improvement in the global score, on-the-ground evidence shows a decline in press freedom, with a 40% increase in attacks and violations against media. Islamabad is identified as the most dangerous region for journalists. The Covid-19 pandemic has exacerbated challenges, with at least 10 journalists losing their lives to the disease. Under Prime Minister Imran Khan's government, censorship has intensified, and austerity measures have financially crippled media outlets. The approval of amendments to penalize defamation of the armed forces has drawn criticism. Historical data suggests that the killing of journalists often precedes broader repression and human rights deterioration.

In 2020, Zaheer Zarf planned a literature festival in Hub, Balochistan, but postponed it due to COVID-19. In 2021, the Lasbela Literature Festival (LLF) was scheduled for April 4 but was canceled four days prior due to government pressure and the imposition of Section 144. Religious and political controversies also surrounded the event, with Moulana Yaqoob Sasoli initially objecting to the content and participants. Political dynamics between local dynasties were suggested as a factor in the cancellation. Khalil Roonjha lamented the missed opportunity for educational enrichment in Lasbela, a district that rarely hosts literary events.

Ten coal miners from the Hazara community were abducted and killed in Balochistan's Mach area, with ISIS claiming responsibility. The incident has sparked protests, with families demanding justice and refusing to bury the bodies until the perpetrators are apprehended. Prime Minister Imran Khan and Chief Minister Jam Kamal Khan condemned the attack, while Interior Minister Sheikh Rasheed's attempts to mediate have been rejected by the protesters. The incident has renewed unrest in the province, highlighting ongoing violence against the Hazara minority.

The article highlights the critical issue of blood donation for Thalassemia patients in Balochistan, focusing on the efforts of individuals like Munaj Gul and Ali Jan, and the work of the Kech Thalassemia Blood Bank founded by Irshad Arif. Despite the Balochistan government's legislative efforts, the implementation remains inadequate, leaving many patients struggling for necessary blood transfusions. The article underscores the need for better healthcare facilities, financial support, and a change in social attitudes towards blood donation.

The Pakistani Education Ministry has decided to close all educational institutions for 45 days due to a surge in Covid-19 cases, leading to a standoff with the private educational sector. Prime Minister Imran Khan emphasized the need to continue business operations under 'smart lockdowns.' The article questions the effectiveness of solely closing schools to curb the pandemic, highlighting the inadequacy of online learning in Pakistan and the importance of behavioral changes. Research indicates that school closures alone may not be sufficient to control the pandemic and that the long-term impact on student performance and literacy rates could be severe.

The Covid-19 pandemic has exacerbated the vulnerabilities of female patients in Balochistan, particularly those requiring maternity care. The closure of Outpatient Departments (OPDs) in government-run hospitals has left many women without essential medical services, leading to increased risks of miscarriages and maternal mortality. Healthcare workers, including paramedics, are also at heightened risk due to inadequate protective gear and the inability to maintain social distancing. Experts emphasize the need for continued antenatal care and effective family planning to mitigate these risks, but the government's response has been insufficient.

The shift to online classes in Pakistan due to the Covid-19 pandemic has led to protests by student organizations demanding the suspension of e-learning, citing inadequate Internet facilities. The Higher Education Commission (HEC) is pushing for online classes to avoid an academic gap but lacks a viable policy to address the connectivity issues, especially in remote areas like Balochistan. Despite increased Internet usage in Pakistan, the digital infrastructure is not sophisticated, and the digital divide persists. The resolution may lie with provincial governments providing public places with high-speed Internet, which could decrease the academic gap if implemented effectively.

The article by Ayaz Khan discusses the environmental and water scarcity issues caused by the establishment of cement factories near the Katasraj Temples in Chakwal and in Balochistan's industrial zone. The sacred pond at the Katasraj Temples has dried up due to water being siphoned off by nearby factories. In Balochistan, the construction of Pakistan's largest cement plant by Dera Ghazi Khan Cement (DG) is expected to exacerbate water scarcity and environmental degradation. Despite the economic benefits of industrialization, the article highlights the human and environmental costs, such as toxic emissions and health hazards. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Balochistan's role in addressing these issues is questioned, as is the effectiveness of environmental regulations and impact assessments. The article also touches on the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and its related industrial projects, including a coal-fired power plant.