Indigenous representatives attended the 15th session of the UN's Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues in New York, highlighting violations of indigenous rights and the lack of proper consultations on large infrastructure and extractive projects. Leaders called for a global evaluation of indigenous rights, focusing on violations against environmental defenders. The murder of Honduran leader Berta Cáceres and Shuar leader José Isidro Tendetza Antún were cited as examples of the persecution faced by those defending their territories. The forum also emphasized the need for empowerment of indigenous women and proposed that an indigenous woman be seated on the UN Security Council. Despite legal instruments and regulations, authorities often remain silent on these issues. The International Labor Organization’s Convention 169 is non-binding, and indigenous groups seek binding safeguards to ensure governments consult with them on development projects. Brazil’s BNDES is trialing a binding system of safeguards for projects in South America.

A Palestinian community in the West Bank, Al Jab'a, faces severe water shortages exacerbated by decreasing rainfall and groundwater levels. Despite limited access to Israeli water supplies through infrastructure built by an Italian NGO, the village's water supply remains insufficient and precarious due to lack of official permits. The Israeli-Palestinian Joint Water Committee, established by the Oslo accords, has not resolved these issues, with political tensions and settlement building halting discussions. UNICEF and other organizations advocate for sustainable water management and the rehabilitation of ancient cisterns to improve water access. The situation underscores the broader conflict over water resources between Israel and Palestinian communities.

Indigenous and local communities play a crucial role in mitigating climate change by managing forests that act as significant carbon sinks. Despite this, they legally own only a small fraction of the land they inhabit. Civil society groups are urging governments to enhance the protection of customary land rights to prevent deforestation and CO2 emissions. Key figures like Julio Ricardo Cusurichi Palacios and organizations such as the Rights and Resources Initiative and the International Land and Forest Tenure Facility emphasize the need for community engagement and increased investment in forest conservation. The article highlights the importance of recognizing indigenous land rights to achieve climate goals and protect forests.

Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) are critical in addressing climate change, capable of sequestering 12 gigatonnes of CO2 annually, contributing significantly to the 2030 climate targets. China is actively promoting NBS, with initiatives like mangrove conservation and green technology exports. The upcoming COP15 in Kunming aims to set new conservation goals. Brazil's agriculture sector, a major GHG emitter, is exploring sustainable practices to protect the Amazon. Political will and market signals are essential for effective conservation and sustainable trade.

Climate change poses significant threats to smallholder farmers, necessitating locally appropriate solutions to adapt to changing rainfall patterns. Agriculture is crucial for many countries' climate plans, with Morocco's economy heavily reliant on it. Small farmers like Ahmed Khiat face severe challenges due to reduced rainfall and increased droughts. Technologies like direct seeding, supported by organizations such as the Global Environment Facility, have shown promise in improving yields and resilience. However, Africa receives a disproportionately small share of climate funds despite its vulnerability. The UN Climate Change Conference in Marrakech emphasized the need for new funding sources to prevent global food insecurity, with experts advocating for local solutions and microcredit mechanisms to support farmers.

A Palestinian community in the West Bank, Al Jab’a, faces severe water shortages exacerbated by decreasing rainfall and groundwater levels. Despite limited access to Israeli water supplies through infrastructure built by an Italian NGO, the village's water supply remains insufficient and precarious due to the lack of official permits. The Israeli-Palestinian Joint Water Committee's inactivity has stalled many water projects, leaving numerous communities without reliable water access. Calls for international support and cooperation between Israelis and Palestinians are emphasized to address the ongoing water crisis, with suggestions to rehabilitate ancient cisterns as a cost-effective solution.

Costa Rica has signed a memorandum of understanding to promote China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), becoming the second Central American country to do so after Panama. The agreement, signed by Costa Rican Vice-President Epsy Campbell and Chinese Ambassador Tang Heng, aims to enhance infrastructure development and international cooperation. While the initiative promises significant investment and job creation, it faces criticism for potentially increasing indebtedness and supporting environmentally harmful projects. Costa Rica's past experiences with Chinese investments, such as the shelved oil refinery project, highlight the need for careful consideration of future collaborations. The country aims to leverage the BRI for environmental and economic benefits, aligning with its goal to become carbon-neutral by 2021.

Nature-based solutions (NBS) are critical for addressing climate change and can mitigate 12 gigatonnes of CO2 per year. They are essential for countries to meet the Paris Agreement target and build resilience. China is promoting NBS ahead of the COP15 biodiversity talks in Kunming, with a focus on conservation goals and the role of NBS in carbon mitigation and ecosystem services. The country has made progress in mangrove conservation and is advocating for greener value chains and sustainable trade practices. Brazil's Amazon Environmental Research Institute highlights the country's potential for sustainable agriculture that protects the Amazon. Deforestation remains a significant challenge, with a 29.5% increase last year and a correlation between forest protection and competitive, forest-friendly food supply. Political will and market signals, such as China's ivory ban, are necessary for effective nature management.

World leaders failed to make significant progress on climate action at COP25, but youth climate activists, led by figures like Greta Thunberg, demonstrated strong leadership and clarity of purpose. Young activists from various countries emphasized the need for improved climate education in schools to build a sustainable future and inspire action. Initiatives like Engajamundo in Brazil, Green Generation Initiative in Kenya, and Espaces Verts du Sahel in Chad are actively promoting environmental education. UNICEF and other organizations are advocating for child-inclusive climate policies, while countries like Italy and New Zealand have introduced climate change education in schools. The article highlights the importance of empowering young people with the knowledge and skills to address climate change and build a sustainable future.

Nature-based solutions (NBS) are critical for addressing climate change, with the potential to mitigate 12 gigatonnes of CO2 annually. China is leading efforts to promote NBS, particularly through initiatives like mangrove conservation and the upcoming COP15 biodiversity talks. The importance of traditional knowledge and sustainable practices in managing ecosystems is emphasized. Brazil's role in global food security and the challenges of deforestation are highlighted, with calls for improved conservation and sustainable trade practices. Political will and market signals are deemed necessary for effective nature management.

Brazilian scientists have discovered that the presence of the Leishmania RNA virus in parasites leads to more aggressive forms of leishmaniasis, potentially paving the way for new treatments. The study, led by biologist Dario Zamboni from the University of São Paulo, found that the virus increases the likelihood of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis by at least three times. The research, published in Nature Communications, highlights the role of specific molecules in the immune system that could be targeted by new drugs. The findings were validated with clinical material from patients in Brazil, where the disease is endemic.

Mozambique is grappling with the aftermath of Cyclone Idai, which caused extensive damage and displacement. The cyclone, followed by Cyclone Kenneth, has left over 1,000 dead and millions affected across Mozambique, Malawi, and Zimbabwe. The reconstruction efforts are hindered by slow governmental and international responses, with survivors facing challenges such as cholera outbreaks and food insecurity. The IMF's emergency loan to Mozambique has sparked concerns about increasing debt. Organizations like UNICEF and the Portuguese Red Cross are actively involved in providing aid and rebuilding efforts. The need for a robust disaster risk reduction plan is emphasized to better prepare for future climate-related disasters.

Dr. Denis Mukwege, a gynecological surgeon in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, has dedicated his career to treating survivors of sexual violence and advocating for their rights. Since founding Panzi Hospital in 1999, Mukwege has treated over 85,000 women with complex gynecological injuries, many of whom are victims of rape used as a weapon of war. Despite facing personal danger, including an attempted assassination, Mukwege continues his work both in the DRC and internationally. He promotes a holistic healing process that includes surgery, psychological counseling, economic empowerment, legal support, and advocacy. Mukwege's efforts have earned him numerous international awards and recognition, and he remains a vocal critic of the DRC government and global disparities in gynecological health.

Former child soldiers in the Democratic Republic of Congo are finding healing through capoeira, a Brazilian martial art. The program, supported by UNICEF and the Brazilian Embassy in Kinshasa, aims to help these children regain self-confidence and self-esteem. Coordinated by Brazilian capoeira master Flavio Soares, the initiative has shown positive results, with many children expressing a desire to become capoeira masters. The program also aims to foster social cohesion and reconciliation in conflict-affected communities. Despite the challenges, the initiative has been well-received and continues to expand.

Cartagena's ambitious climate change adaptation plan, Plan 4C, remains largely unimplemented three years after its creation due to administrative challenges and financial constraints. The plan aims to make Cartagena a model of urban and coastal planning by 2040, addressing vulnerabilities such as rising sea levels and increased rainfall. Despite the city's significant economic contributions, a third of its population lives below the poverty line, making them particularly vulnerable to climate impacts. Efforts to incorporate the plan into urban policies have been hindered by frequent changes in political leadership and inadequate resources. The plan's success hinges on legal approval and substantial financial investment to protect the historic city and its residents from future climate threats.

Colombia, following a historic peace accord with FARC, faces new opportunities and challenges in environmental conservation and sustainable development. Chinese investment is seen as a potential ally in this effort, with significant financial commitments expected. However, concerns remain about the environmental standards of such investments. The Colombian government is taking steps to protect biodiversity and promote sustainable practices, but faces obstacles such as deforestation and budget cuts. The situation for environmental activists remains perilous, with high rates of violence against them.

Capoeira, a Brazilian martial art, is being used in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) to help demobilized children and adolescents from armed groups and victims of violence. The practice promotes self-confidence, emotional strengthening, and community-building. Independent journalists Fabíola Ortiz and Flavio Forner are reporting on the benefits of Capoeira in North Kivu. The initiative, supported by UNICEF, the Brazilian Embassy in Kinshasa, and other organizations, has benefitted around 3,000 children. Despite the DRC's rich natural resources, the country remains one of the least developed due to ongoing violence and political instability, exacerbated by President Joseph Kabila's extended mandate.

Morocco, traditionally a transit country for migrants, is becoming a potential settlement destination due to its stable economy and peaceful political climate. Migrants, primarily from Sub-Saharan Africa and Syria, face significant challenges, including fortified borders and perilous journeys. Activists and local communities provide some support, but many migrants live in dire conditions, awaiting opportunities to cross into Europe. Morocco's recent migration policies, initiated by King Mohammed VI, aim to regularize undocumented migrants and improve their access to rights, though implementation challenges remain.

The Noor solar plant in Morocco, owned by Riyadh-based ACWA Power, is seen as a visionary project with the potential to make Morocco a net exporter of energy. However, the project faces criticism for its lack of community engagement, water usage concerns, and land acquisition issues. Despite these challenges, the Noor project is part of Morocco's US$13 billion plan to expand renewable energy sources, aiming to increase its share to 42% by 2020. The project has received financial support from various international banks and institutions, and its success is deemed crucial for the future of similar initiatives in North Africa and other developing regions.

Hindou Oumarou Ibrahim, a member of Chad's Mbororo pastoralists, has emerged as a prominent advocate for climate change action and the rights of women and indigenous groups. Despite cultural challenges, she has become an influential figure both locally and internationally. Ibrahim's efforts include engaging her community in decision-making and creating a 3D map of Mbororo resources to better manage natural resources and assert indigenous rights. Her work has been recognized at the U.N. climate talks in Morocco, highlighting the severe impacts of climate change on her pastoralist community, including reduced milk production and disappearing waterholes.

At the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Marrakech (COP22), Mary Robinson, the special envoy on El Niño and Climate, highlighted the slow response to climate events like El Niño and La Niña, which disproportionately affect those least responsible for climate change. Robinson, also a former President of Ireland and UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, emphasized the need for community-led solutions, gender equality, and women's participation in climate discussions. The conference addressed the urgency of building resilience to climate-linked emergencies to achieve Sustainable Development Goals. The Climate Risk and Early Warning Systems (CREWS) initiative announced a funding goal to strengthen early warning systems in vulnerable countries. The impact of climate change on food security was noted by José Graziano da Silva of the FAO, and the importance of gender-sensitive approaches to climate resilience was underscored by Edith Ofwona of the IDRC.

A Palestinian community in Al Jab'a, West Bank, faces severe water shortages exacerbated by decreasing rainfall and groundwater levels. Despite a reservoir and pipeline built in 2013, water supply remains intermittent and insufficient. The Israeli-Palestinian Joint Water Committee's inactivity has stalled many water projects, leaving numerous communities without reliable water access. The Israeli authorities' demolition orders for unpermitted structures add to residents' fears. UNICEF and other organizations advocate for improved water management and the rehabilitation of ancient cisterns to address the crisis. The ongoing water dispute highlights the need for cooperation between Israelis and Palestinians.

A mountainous Palestinian community in the Israeli-occupied West Bank, Al Jab'a, faces a significant water shortage, a concern shared with nearby Israeli settlements. The region has experienced decreased rainfall and falling groundwater levels over the past few decades, with droughts expected to become more frequent and intense, according to a 2012 UNEP report.

The article discusses the living conditions of Palestinian refugees in Aida Camp, West Bank, under nearly five decades of Israeli occupation. The camp, home to about 200,000 people, faces overcrowding, poor infrastructure, and regular incursions by the Israeli army. The residents of Aida Camp, originally displaced from their homes during the creation of the state of Israel, still hold onto the keys of their former homes, symbolizing their hope for the right of return. The article highlights the stark contrast in living conditions between the camp and nearby Israeli settlements. It also touches on the economic stagnation due to the occupation and the efforts of activists like Munther Amira, who advocate for coexistence and the use of non-violent tools like the BDS campaign to pressure for change.

Brazilian science is facing a potentially catastrophic crisis due to critical funding shortages, as highlighted by the Brazilian Society of Physics. The situation has worsened following the merger of the Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation with the Ministry of Communications under President Michel Temer. The budget for science has significantly decreased, leading to project paralysis, reduced scholarships, and a potential brain drain. Key figures in the scientific community, including Luiz Davidovich and Helena Nader, express deep concerns about the long-term impact on Brazil's scientific progress and sustainable development.

In northern Chile's Atacama Desert, the Freirina commune is set to host the country's largest wind power plant, marking a significant shift towards clean energy. The San Juan wind project, developed by Latin America Power and backed by Brazilian investment, aims to generate 185 MW by February 2017. The project has faced initial resistance from the community due to past negative experiences with large-scale investments but has gradually gained support through job creation and community funding. Chile is aggressively investing in renewable energy, with wind and solar power expected to play a major role in the country's future energy mix, aiming for a 70 percent share of renewables by 2050.

The article discusses the development of the San Juan wind project in Freirina, a remote community in Chile's Atacama Desert. The project, developed by Latin America Power and backed by Brazilian investment, is set to be Chile's largest wind power plant with a capacity of 185 MW, enough to power a city of 900,000 inhabitants. The community of Freirina, which has a history of resistance against large companies, was initially suspicious but has been won over by the promise of job creation and community investment. The article also touches on Chile's energy policy and the country's shift towards renewable energy, with a goal of achieving at least a 70 percent share of renewables in its electrical power generation by 2050. The article is reported by Fabíola Ortiz and edited by Megan Rowling for the Thomson Reuters Foundation.

In northern Chile's Atacama Desert, the Freirina commune is set to host the country's largest wind power plant, developed by Latin America Power and backed by Brazilian investment. The project, expected to generate 185 MW by February 2017, marks a significant shift towards renewable energy in a region traditionally reliant on mining and agriculture. Mayor Cesar Orellana, a clean-energy advocate, highlights the community's initial skepticism due to past negative experiences with large companies like Agrosuper. However, the promise of job creation and community funding has gradually won local support. Chile aims to achieve 70% renewable energy by 2050, with significant investments in wind and solar power.

In Brazil's largest prison, Complexo do Curado in Pernambuco, inmates have constructed a favela-like area known as 'My Cell, My Life' for those who can afford to pay for better living conditions. This area is reserved for inmates close to the local drug trade command. The prison, designed for 1,800 inmates, currently houses over 7,000. The facility is understaffed, with about 300 agents, leading to inmates known as 'keyholders' taking over administrative and security roles. The Inter-American Court of Human Rights visited the prison and witnessed extreme human rights violations. The State of Pernambuco has been previously denounced for overcrowding and mistreatment in prisons. The Court's visit aims to monitor the implementation of measures ordered to address these issues.

Mexico and Costa Rica are leveraging their geothermal power potential to address climate change and energy security. Latin America's reliance on hydropower and fossil fuels is shifting towards geothermal energy, which is clean, limitless, and less vulnerable to climate change. Costa Rica aims for carbon neutrality by 2021, and Mexico is increasing its geothermal capacity, with a goal of 35% electricity from non-fossil sources by 2024. Challenges include legal constraints on geothermal development in protected areas and debates over private sector involvement.

Investing in new entrepreneurs who adopt a holistic approach to food sustainability is crucial for overcoming global challenges such as environmental degradation and food waste. Karen Washington, a community activist and co-founder of Black Urban Growers, emphasizes the need for inclusive access to fresh, healthy food and addressing the racial divide in agriculture. Experts at the Food Tank Summit agree on the urgency of supporting sustainable agriculture to ensure future generations can meet their needs. Key figures like Alexander Muller from UNEP and Jason Clay from WWF stress the importance of efficiency, conscious consumption, and sustainable food systems to combat hunger, health problems, and environmental degradation.

Latin America has significant potential for geothermal energy, a renewable source that could enhance energy security and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Costa Rica and Mexico are leading the way, with Mexico being the fourth largest geothermal producer globally. Despite its potential, Latin America uses only 5% of its geothermal capacity. Experts advocate for regional cooperation and increased investment to harness this energy. Chile plans to launch its first geothermal field in 2017, but faces challenges due to insufficient government support and legal frameworks. The development of geothermal energy could provide a stable and sustainable power source for the region.

The article discusses the potential of geothermal energy in Latin America, highlighting its efficiency and affordability as a power source. Geothermal power, which involves extracting natural heat from the Earth's crust, is underutilized in the region, with Latin America using less than 5% of its potential. Costa Rica and Mexico are cited as examples of countries harnessing this resource, with Costa Rica generating 13% of its energy from geothermal sources. The article mentions the support of the Inter-American Development Bank and the World Bank in geothermal projects and notes the low greenhouse gas emissions from geothermal plants. It also covers the challenges and future prospects for geothermal energy in Latin America, including the need for scientific research, investment, and regional cooperation. The article concludes by emphasizing the reliability of geothermal energy and its potential to contribute to energy security and environmental goals.

Lee Young-guk, a former bodyguard of North Korean leader Kim Jong-il, recounts his harrowing experiences of being imprisoned and forced to eat rats after being accused of treason. He describes the extreme conditions in North Korean labor camps, the luxurious lifestyle of the ruling family, and his eventual escape to South Korea. Now a human rights advocate, Lee speaks out against the North Korean regime and calls for international action to improve human rights in the country.

Lilian Tintori, wife of imprisoned Venezuelan opposition leader Leopoldo López, urges Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff not to support Nicolás Maduro's regime. Tintori, a human rights activist, highlights the harsh conditions and alleged psychological torture her husband faces in prison. She calls for international condemnation of López's politically motivated imprisonment. The article also discusses the broader political context in Venezuela, including the upcoming parliamentary elections and the opposition's efforts to gain majority control.

Syrians arriving in Brazil in search of survival may become easy targets for labor exploitation networks, warns Adriano Campolina, executive director of ActionAid International. He emphasizes the need for a more structured policy to welcome refugees and immigrants, based on human rights and solidarity. Brazil is seen as a country of opportunities and stability, attracting many Syrian refugees. However, the lack of knowledge about their rights and language barriers make them vulnerable to exploitation. The Brazilian government has extended the rule facilitating refuge for Syrians, but there is a need for a more integrated and resource-allocated approach to support these individuals.

At 85, former U.S. Senator Maurice Robert Gravel has ventured into the lucrative cannabis-based products market, leading companies like Cannabis Sativa, Inc., Kush, and THC Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Gravel, a veteran and former Democratic presidential candidate, advocates for the decriminalization and regulation of all drugs, criticizing the war on drugs for its racial discrimination and destabilizing effects. He highlights successful drug policies in countries like Portugal and hopes the U.S. will follow suit. Gravel's companies produce innovative cannabis-based products, aiming to reshape the market in a legal environment.

Nepal's major political parties reached a 16-point agreement to draft a new constitution, but the preliminary draft has faced significant opposition from various identity groups, including ethnic groups, women, Dalits, and Hindu nationalists. These groups argue that the draft fails to address their demands for identity, inclusion, and federalism. Public hearings on the draft have led to violent protests, and activists have criticized provisions related to citizenship and representation. The major parties face challenges in promulgating the constitution by mid-August, as they must navigate opposition from historically marginalized groups and rising Hindu nationalism.

The U.S. public remains divided on military intervention against ISIS, with a majority supporting airstrikes but opposing ground troops. Despite the rise of ISIS and its influence through social media, experts argue that the primary threat is to Arab countries, not the U.S. FBI Director James Comey highlights the unique threat posed by ISIS's online recruitment. Analysts suggest that repressive Arab regimes contribute to ISIS's appeal.

The article discusses the need for African countries to take initiative in combating climate change rather than relying solely on foreign aid. It highlights the discussions from the 'Our Common Future under Climate Change' conference in Paris, emphasizing the urgency for Africa to adapt and mitigate climate impacts as the continent is already experiencing significant effects. Penny Urquhart, an independent specialist and IPCC author, notes the vulnerability of sub-Saharan countries and the potential for temperature rises to be felt more intensely in Southern Africa. The article also addresses the challenges faced by agriculture, the backbone of African economies, and the emergence of 'climate migrants'. Edith Ofwona of IDRC stresses the importance of combining scientific evidence with community knowledge to create practical, affordable solutions for food security and adaptation. The article underscores the high awareness of climate change in Africa and the need for African governments to commit funding for climate projects, alongside international aid.

Michel Jarraud, Secretary-General of the World Meteorological Organisation, in an interview with IPS during the 'Our Common Future Under Climate Change' conference at UNESCO headquarters, emphasized the urgency for more ambitious commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions before the U.N. Climate Conference in December. He highlighted that current pledges are insufficient to meet the 2°C target and stressed the importance of including climate change in the Sustainable Development Goals. Jarraud also discussed the adaptation gap between developed and developing countries, the role of the Green Climate Fund, and the broader impacts of climate change beyond temperature rise, such as on the hydrological cycle and extreme weather events. He noted the increasing alignment between science and policy-making on climate change, with a strong scientific consensus on human-induced climate change.

The article discusses Brazil's Blue Amazon, a marine area rich in biodiversity and energy resources, comparable in size to India. It highlights the challenges Brazil faces in protecting this area, which contains a significant portion of the country's oil and gas reserves. The article features insights from Eurico de Lima Figueiredo, a political scientist and former president of the Brazilian Association of Defence Studies, and oceanographer David Zee. It also mentions Brazil's efforts to expand its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the country's commitment to monitor and study the region's resources. Despite the potential wealth, scientific research and conservation measures are not keeping pace with resource exploitation. The article also touches on Operation Blue Amazon, a large-scale naval exercise aimed at ensuring security and combating illegal activities in Brazilian waters.

The article highlights the centennial efforts of women in peace and citizen diplomacy, drawing parallels between historical and contemporary initiatives. It emphasizes the ongoing division of Korea and the need for a formal peace treaty to end the Korean War. The author advocates for the role of civil society, particularly women, in conflict resolution and peacebuilding, citing historical examples and current efforts like the 2015 International Women’s Walk for Peace and Reunification of Korea. The text underscores the importance of engagement and dialogue to prevent catastrophic confrontations and promote reconciliation.

Grenada is experiencing significant impacts from climate change, affecting its fishing industry and coastal communities. Fishermen report dwindling fish catches, attributed to climate change by the Agriculture, Land, Fisheries and Environment Minister. Rising sea levels and more intense storms are expected to transform shorelines, bringing economic and social costs. A recent consultation urged the re-establishment of the National Climate Change Council to strengthen climate resilience measures. The Climate Investment Fund approved a $10.39 million grant for Caribbean climate resilience, benefiting Grenada and other nations. The island remains highly vulnerable to climate change, with significant risks to its marine ecosystems and tourism industry.

The death toll from Nepal's 7.8-magnitude earthquake has surpassed 3,300, with severe aftershocks continuing to affect the country. The Jubilee USA Network suggests that Nepal could qualify for debt relief under the IMF's Catastrophe Containment and Relief Trust, potentially easing its financial burden. The IMF has previously used this fund to assist Ebola-impacted countries. Nepal owes significant amounts to the World Bank, Asian Development Bank, IMF, Japan, and China. Immediate international aid is underway, but long-term reconstruction will require substantial resources. The article highlights the need for debt cancellation to ensure Nepal's financial stability and effective recovery.

Escalating military conflicts in the Middle East, particularly the aerial bombings in Yemen by a Saudi-led Arab coalition, have sparked a new arms race benefiting the U.S. and Russia, the world's largest arms suppliers. The U.S. and Russia are supplying weapons to various warring parties in Syria, Iraq, Libya, and Yemen. The article highlights the cyclical nature of arms sales, with the U.S. selling to allies like Saudi Arabia and Russia countering by supplying Iran and Syria. The humanitarian crisis in Yemen is exacerbated by these arms sales, with luxury rewards offered to pilots involved in bombings. The article calls for a reevaluation of arms sales policies, emphasizing the need for restraint and consideration of humanitarian impacts.

The article discusses the tragic killing of 28 Ethiopian migrants by the Islamic State in Libya and the subsequent protests in Addis Ababa. It highlights the Ethiopian government's criticized response and the broader issues of economic inequality, repression, and unemployment driving migration. The article also examines the government's efforts to create jobs and the challenges faced by the country's youth, including the impact of state ownership of land and the dominance of ruling party-affiliated businesses. The World Bank and other organizations provide data on poverty and economic conditions, while critics argue that the government's development policies are unsustainable and harmful to indigenous populations.

Activists and local residents in Bahia, Brazil, are legally challenging the construction of the Porto Sul mega-port due to its significant environmental and social impacts. The $2.2 billion project, financed by the Brazilian government, faces opposition for threatening biodiversity and local livelihoods dependent on tourism and fishing. Critics liken it to the controversial Belo Monte dam, citing irreversible damage to marine life and protected areas. Despite promises of economic development and job creation, the project has sparked protests and legal battles, with activists preparing reports to deter public banks from financing it.

The article argues against the introduction of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in Africa, challenging the notion that GMOs are necessary for food security. It criticizes multinational corporations, particularly Monsanto, and philanthropic projects like those funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, for pushing GMOs into African markets under the guise of assistance. The authors, Haidee Swanby and Mariann Bassey Orovwuje, emphasize the importance of supporting small-scale food producers and agro-ecology, and warn that the adoption of GMOs could undermine the diversity and resilience of African agriculture. They advocate for changing power relations that perpetuate hunger and for giving control over food production back to smallholders in Africa.

Since 2009, Helen Keller International has been running programs in Chittagong, Bangladesh, to mentor women in agriculture, enabling them to produce food for their families and for sale at markets. The initiative, 'Making Markets Work For Women,' has led to increased income, improved nutrition, and greater empowerment for the women involved. The program provides start-up capital, training in farming and marketing, and encourages the formation of collectives for better bargaining power. Outcomes include a 30% income increase for nearly all of the 2,500 households involved and a significant improvement in diets. Women have gained financial independence and respect within their communities, and the program is looking to expand with additional support.

The article emphasizes the critical role of individual citizens in combating wildlife crime, which is a significant global issue exacerbated by human activities. It highlights the economic impact of wildlife crime, comparing it to narcotics and human trafficking, and stresses the importance of public awareness and action. The piece advocates for non-consumptive use of wildlife, such as eco-tourism, and underscores the need for collective efforts, including government action and civil society pressure, to address the crisis effectively.

Deforestation in Africa is a significant issue, with the continent losing forest cover at an alarming rate. EcoPlanet Bamboo, a multinational company, is promoting bamboo as a sustainable alternative to traditional timber, with operations in South Africa, Ghana, and Nicaragua. Proponents argue that bamboo can help restore degraded ecosystems and reduce deforestation. However, critics, including environmentalists and human rights activists, express concerns about the impact on food security and the displacement of small farmers. The debate highlights the complexities of balancing environmental sustainability with socio-economic impacts.

The resignation of an ICC judge due to health reasons opens a significant opportunity for Asia-Pacific governments to enhance their representation in the international legal system. The upcoming June election allows these governments to nominate highly qualified candidates, potentially strengthening peace, justice, and the rule of law. The Coalition for the ICC emphasizes the importance of transparent and merit-based elections, encouraging Asia-Pacific states, including Indonesia, Malaysia, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam, to participate actively. The ICC, with its framework for fair and competitive elections, aims to ensure diverse and qualified judicial representation.

In Brazil, a country with a high concentration of land ownership, around 200,000 peasant farmers lack their own land to farm. The Brazilian Pastoral Land Commission reported that the first administration of President Dilma Rousseff saw the worst progress in agrarian reform in 20 years. Despite hopes that Rousseff would democratize land ownership, her government focused on agribusiness and infrastructure, with limited new rural settlements. The Landless Workers' Movement has been active in lobbying for reform, with significant land allocations during previous administrations. However, the current situation includes intensified land conflicts and skepticism about the government's commitment to reform, as exemplified by the occupation of the Santa Mônica estate by MST families, which is owned by a wealthy senator and government ally.

The article highlights the systemic failures in addressing domestic violence in India, focusing on the personal story of Suruchi, a survivor from Mumbai. Despite legal frameworks and increasing awareness, many women still face significant barriers, including societal stigma, inadequate shelters, and slow legal processes. Experts like Rashmi Anand and Flavia Agnes emphasize the need for more robust support systems and a shift in societal attitudes to effectively combat domestic violence.

Despite a good harvest, Zimbabwe continues to face rising hunger, with 2.2 million rural people estimated to be food insecure. Agriculture contributes 20% to the GDP, with tobacco exports playing a significant role. However, food shortages persist since the controversial land reform in 2000. The World Food Programme reported high levels of hunger, which was dismissed by the deputy agricultural minister. Funding shortages have limited WFP's reach, and the government has had to import maize. Experts suggest investing in smallholder farmers, irrigation, infrastructure, and market regulation to improve food security. The government's provision of inputs and failure to pay farmers on time for produce are also highlighted as issues. Zimbabwe's commitment to the Maputo Declaration on investing in agriculture is questioned, as only a few African countries have met the target. The need for a conducive political and economic environment for investment and the provision of title deeds to farmers are also discussed.

The article discusses the disappearance of 43 students from the Ayotzinapa rural teachers college in Mexico, highlighting the broader issues of racism and discrimination against indigenous communities. The investigation by national authorities suggests that the students were killed by the Guerreros Unidos gang, with only one student's remains identified. The families of the missing students, who are mostly poor indigenous farmers, continue to search for their loved ones and express distrust in the official narrative. The article also touches on systemic issues of poverty, lack of education, and inadequate public services faced by indigenous populations in Mexico.

The article discusses a shift within the Kurdish movement towards seeking autonomy without the use of arms. The Kurdistan Freedom Party (PAK), a legally recognized party in Turkey, aims for Kurdish independence through political and legal means, distinguishing itself from the armed Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK). The PKK has been involved in secret peace talks with the Turkish government, despite criticism for the lack of transparency. The Democratic Society Congress (DTK) admits to receiving illegal financial support from Kurds in Europe and seeks a peaceful resolution to the conflict. Civil society voices, including lawyer Sabehattin Korkmaz Avukat and cultural organization Komeleya Şêx Seîd, advocate for non-violent methods to achieve Kurdish rights and autonomy. Kurdish writer Îbrahîm Guçlu criticizes the PKK's tactics, calling for open societal discussion.

The article criticizes the U.S. for continuing to support dictatorships in the Middle East despite initial hopes for democratic change following the Arab Spring. It highlights the U.S. government's ongoing military aid to Egypt and Bahrain despite their repressive actions, and the lack of significant consequences for human rights abuses. The piece calls for a shift in U.S. foreign policy to support genuine democratic movements and human rights in the region.

The article discusses the situation of Syrian refugees in Turkey, focusing on the experiences of Professor Helit and his family who fled Syria due to the conflict and now live in a refugee camp in Harran. The camp, considered modern and capable of housing 14,000 people, is divided into communities with names symbolizing universal values. Despite the appearance of a prison, the camp allows families to leave and visit nearby shopping centers. Helit, a former school headmaster, now runs a camp school for Syrian children. The article also covers the Nizip camp, where refugees live in tents and have recently participated in an election for community representatives, a new experience for many. Turkey has welcomed two million Syrian refugees and has spent over five billion dollars on humanitarian aid, but is reaching its capacity for assistance. The article highlights the unprecedented scale of migration from Syria to Turkey and the challenges involved.

In Pisac, Peru, the Quechua communities are facing threats to their potato crops due to climate change. Altered rainfall patterns and rising temperatures are jeopardizing food security. The Parque de la Papa, a conservation unit, is home to the world's most diverse potato varieties and is a center for preserving biodiversity and traditional farming practices. The Asociación Andes supports this initiative. Lino Mamani, a community leader, emphasizes the cultural and spiritual significance of potatoes. The International Potato Centre (CIP) and the Asociación Andes have noted the need for crops to be grown at higher altitudes due to changing conditions. Rene Gómez from CIP warns that potatoes are at risk and suggests using drought- and frost-resistant cultivars. An alliance of scientific and traditional knowledge is forming to help preserve Andean potato varieties, including the CIP, Asociación Andes, and CCAFS. Meanwhile, traditional food storage techniques are still used, but the uncertainty of future harvests due to climate change is causing concern among the Quechua people.

Brazil has been a leader in renewable energy, with 85% of its electricity coming from renewables in 2009, primarily through hydropower. Despite having a high potential for wind energy, Brazil's investment in wind power is significantly lower than in hydropower. The country's 10-year energy plan indicates a continued focus on hydropower, with a projected increase in capacity, while also planning to boost oil production. Critics like Roberto Kishinami of Greenpeace Brazil argue that this approach neglects the potential of wind, solar, and biomass, and is a step backwards. The Brazilian Wind Energy Association highlights the socio-economic benefits of wind energy, particularly in poorer regions. By the end of 2014, Brazil is expected to have 140 wind farms, powering 12 million homes and creating 120,000 jobs by 2018.

The article discusses Panama's canal expansion project, which aims to triple the country's share of global maritime trade. The expansion includes a third set of locks to accommodate larger ships, with the project generating direct and indirect jobs. Despite the economic growth, the article highlights the stark social inequalities in Panama, with high poverty rates, especially among indigenous populations and in rural areas. The contrast between the prosperous canal and trade zones and the poor living conditions of many Panamanians is emphasized. The article suggests that the wealth generated by the canal should be redistributed to address social disparities. The expansion project, led by Grupo Unidos por el Canal SA, with major shares held by Sacyr and Impregilo, is set to complete by December 2015.

The article discusses the enduring trauma faced by survivors of genocidal rape from the Rwandan genocide, particularly women like Claudine Umuhoza who have children born as a result of the violence. It highlights the stigma and challenges they face, including dealing with HIV/AIDS, which many contracted during the genocide. The piece also touches on the work of Foundation Rwanda, an NGO that supports children born of rape by providing for their education. The article further explores the efforts of the National Unity and Reconciliation Commission in promoting reconciliation and preventing future genocides. It underscores the mixed feelings of hope and fear among Rwandans, as they continue to deal with the legacy of the genocide, and the importance of education and reconciliation in moving forward.

The article discusses Rwanda's progress in gender equity and women's empowerment as the country commemorates the 20th anniversary of the 1994 genocide. It highlights the significant political representation of women in the Rwandan Parliament, where they hold 64 percent of the seats in the lower house and 40 percent in the Senate. The story is told through the experiences of Rwandan MP Veneranda Nyirahirwa and Minister of Agriculture and Animal Resources Agnes Kalibata. The article emphasizes the role of women in the nation's reconstruction and reconciliation process, and the constitutional mandate for at least 30 percent female representation in decision-making bodies. It also touches on the challenges in the agriculture sector, where women are a majority, and the possibility of Rwanda having a female president in the future.

The article tells the harrowing story of Ornela Mbenga Sebo, a young Congolese woman who escaped from a rebel camp and stowed away on a ship to Brazil. Born in Walikale, DRC, she lived a comfortable life until 2011 when insurgents attacked her town. After her family disappeared, she fled with the aim of reaching Kinshasa but was captured and enslaved by Rwandan rebels. Eventually, she escaped to a merchant ship and arrived in Brazil, where she sought refuge. Brazil's laws allow for unlimited refugee status grants, and Mbenga Sebo is now rebuilding her life in Rio de Janeiro. She found work, learned her family survived and is in the U.S., and hopes to join them with the help of crowdfunding. A Brazilian journalist plans to write her biography.

The article recounts the aftermath of the 1996 massacre of demonstrators by police in Eldorado dos Carajás, Brazil, during a protest for land reform. Nineteen people were killed, and the event catalyzed the land reform movement, leading to the establishment of the Assentamento 17 de Abril settlement for landless families. Despite the allocation of land, settlers like Ivagno Brito, Maria Zelzuita, and Rosa Costa Miranda face challenges such as lack of employment, poor soil quality, and the need for sustainable agriculture practices. The article highlights the ongoing struggle of these settlers to make a living and the slow process of land reform, while also noting the environmental changes in the Amazon region due to industrial and agricultural expansion.

The historic centre of Panama City is undergoing significant restoration, improving its appearance and security but displacing thousands of long-term residents. The Office of the Historic Centre (OCA) is rehousing former squatters and restoring buildings to attract high-income residents and tourists. The gentrification has raised property values, making the area exclusive again. Social programs have helped some former gang members find work and education. Residents' associations are advocating for the rights of current residents to remain and for subsidized housing, with some government cooperation.