Flowserve, a provider of equipment for the petrochemical industry, faced issues with leaking valves in hydrofluoric acid alkylation units. Investigations revealed that the root cause was shrinkage in the valve bodies, which was not detected during radiographic testing. The company revised its testing procedures and collaborated with a third party to identify and rectify the issue. A change in the supply chain from sand casting to investment casting was identified as a contributing factor. Flowserve implemented new gating patterns and additional testing methods to mitigate future risks.

The European Parliament, a unique democratically legitimized supranational institution, has been directly elected by EU citizens since 1979. It legislates on behalf of 512 million citizens across 28 member states, a number that will drop to 705 if the UK leaves the EU. The rise of right-wing populists and EU skeptics has been notable, with their representation increasing from 11% in 2009 to 20% in 2014. The Parliament, which works closely with the European Council and the EU Commission, has passed over 1,100 laws in the last legislative period. Despite its significant power, the Parliament faces criticism for its 'traveling circus' nature, with operations spread across Strasbourg, Brussels, and Luxembourg. Voter turnout has declined from 63% in 1979 to 42% in 2014, and the electoral law's lack of standardization has been criticized for creating unequal voting power among member states.

The European Parliament, a unique democratically legitimized supranational institution, has been directly elected by EU citizens since 1979. It plays a significant role in making laws for 512 million citizens across 28 member states, though this number will drop to 705 if the UK leaves the EU. The rise of right-wing populists and EU skeptics has been notable, with their representation increasing from 11% in 2009 to 20% in 2014. The Parliament works closely with the European Council and the EU Commission in legislative processes. Despite its growing power, the Parliament faces criticism for its 'traveling circus' nature, with operations spread across Strasbourg, Brussels, and Luxembourg. Voter turnout has declined from 63% in 1979 to 42% in 2014, reflecting waning interest in this legislative body.

Inside Europe is a long-standing, hour-long weekly radio program that provides an in-depth review of European affairs. With correspondents across Europe, the show has been a part of the European broadcasting scene for over thirty years, reporting on major historical events such as the fall of the Berlin Wall, the Balkans wars, and Brexit. The program airs every Thursday and combines expert analysis with on-the-ground reporting. It has covered significant events like Russia's invasion of Ukraine and the earthquakes in Turkey. Inside Europe also features interviews with notable figures and themed specials. The show is hosted by Kate Laycock and produced by Helen Seeney, and it can be accessed via Apple Podcasts, Spotify, and various radio stations worldwide.

Military athletes from various countries, including Russia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and China, participated in the International Army Games, showcasing their skills in various military disciplines. The event, organized by the Russian Defense Ministry, aimed to demonstrate combat training levels and foster international camaraderie. Despite invitations, most NATO countries did not participate, with Greece being an exception. The games, which began in 2015, also saw participation from Russian allies Syria and Iran, as well as Israel. The event emphasized sportsmanship and international relationships over military prowess.

Spain’s third-biggest lender Caixabank and utility company Gas Natural have decided to move their registered offices out of Catalonia due to the current political and social situation. Caixabank will relocate to Valencia, while Gas Natural will move to Madrid. This follows Banco Sabadell's announcement to move to Alicante. The Spanish government has passed a law to make it easier for companies to relocate within the country.

Banco Sabadell has decided to move its legal base from Catalonia to Alicante due to the political crisis sparked by Catalonia's independence referendum. Caixabank is also considering relocating its base out of Catalonia. Other companies, such as telecoms operator Eurona and biotech firm Oryzon, are moving to Madrid. Catalonia, a significant contributor to Spain's economy, hosts many international businesses. The ongoing rift may require external mediation if not resolved through dialogue.

Baghdad has imposed a ban on direct international flights to and from the Kurdistan region of Iraq following a controversial independence referendum. The ban, effective from September 29, is expected to impact 400 Kurdish companies and result in 7,000 job losses. The Kurdish Regional Government refused to cede control of its international airports to avoid the ban. The referendum has faced criticism from neighboring countries, including Turkey, whose President Erdogan condemned the vote's legitimacy. Russia's stance emphasized respect for Kurdish aspirations while advocating for dialogue within a unified Iraqi state.

Apple is set to introduce a new high-tech iPhone, expected to be called the iPhone X, alongside two other models, the iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus, as well as an upgraded iPhone Watch and a higher definition Apple TV. The launch comes amid accusations of planned obsolescence, a strategy where tech devices are deliberately designed to have a shorter lifespan to boost sales of newer models. The new iPhone X features an edge-to-edge display, richer colors, and facial recognition, while the iPhone 8 models may include wireless charging facilitated by a glass back.

Morocco's northern Rif region witnessed significant civil unrest, the largest since the Arab Spring, sparked by the death of fishmonger Mouhcine Fikri. Protesters, frustrated with corruption and injustice, clashed with police who used tear gas. The Hirak movement, born from Fikri's death, symbolizes resistance against abuse of power. Injuries were reported on both sides, and activists like Nawal Ben Aissa faced police violence. The unrest drew participants from across Morocco and Europe.

Bolivia is facing its worst drought in 25 years, leading the government to declare a national emergency. Major cities like La Paz and El Alto are experiencing severe water shortages, prompting protests and accusations of corruption and mismanagement against the government and water companies. President Evo Morales has blamed water management companies for failing to alert authorities. The drought has affected 125,000 families, leading to water rationing, early school closures, and significant public unrest.

Thousands of Iranians protested in Tehran against Saudi Arabia's ruling family as the annual Hajj pilgrimage began. The protests were fueled by a statement from Saudi Arabia's top religious authority questioning the Muslim faith of Iran's leaders. Iranians are unable to attend this year's Hajj due to failed negotiations between the two countries. The article highlights the ongoing tension between Iran and Saudi Arabia, exacerbated by past incidents such as the execution of Iranian cleric Nimr al-Nimr and the deadly stampede during last year's Hajj. Iranian officials criticize Saudi Arabia's handling of Hajj security and accuse them of making unacceptable demands during negotiations.

A man identified as Aaron Driver was shot dead by Canadian police in Ontario after credible information of a potential terrorist attack was received. Driver, previously arrested for supporting ISIL on social media, was killed during a police raid. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police acted to ensure public safety, while a news conference was expected later.

Venezuela's National Election Council indicates that the opposition may proceed with a recall referendum against President Nicolás Maduro in late October. The opposition needs to collect signatures from 20 percent of the electorate within a three-day window to advance the process. Timing is crucial as a referendum loss for Maduro this year would lead to a presidential election, while a loss after January would result in his vice-president taking over until the next election in 2018. Opposition figures, including Jesus Torrealba, emphasize the necessity of a 2016 referendum, citing technical feasibility and social importance. The CNE validated 98 percent of the signatures collected by the opposition, though government supporters allege some were falsified. Maduro, attributing the country's crisis to falling oil prices and opposition actions, insists there will be no referendum this year.

The Russian Paralympic Committee's head, Vladimir Lukin, decried the International Paralympic Committee's suspension of Russian athletes from the upcoming Paralympics as a severe human rights violation. He claimed to have evidence of a robust anti-doping program and stated that the Russian team would continue preparing for the games. The ban follows a World Anti-Doping Agency report alleging state-controlled doping in Russia. World Archery criticized the ban as politically motivated and against the Paralympic movement's principles. Moscow resident Elena Smirnova suggested a boycott in response. Russia plans to appeal the decision in court.

France has requested the extradition of Mourad Hamyd from Bulgaria on charges related to terrorism. Hamyd, a relative of a Charlie Hebdo attacker, was detained in Turkey and refused entry before being arrested in Bulgaria. He was previously cleared of involvement in the Charlie Hebdo attacks due to a strong alibi. Bulgarian authorities consider him a significant threat, and a court hearing on his extradition is scheduled.

A 19-year-old Norwegian man of Somali ancestry is in police custody in London, suspected of murdering an American woman in her 60s during a deadly assault in Russell Square. The Metropolitan Police's investigation, led by Assistant Commissioner Mark Rowley, has found no evidence of radicalization or terrorism, suggesting the attack was triggered by mental health issues. Five other people were injured in the incident, which occurred near the British Museum and close to the scenes of the 7/7 bombings. Witnesses described the chaotic scene, drawing parallels to past attacks in the area.

Venezuela's President Nicolas Maduro has appointed General Nestor Reverol as the interior minister despite US accusations of his involvement in cocaine smuggling. The appointment coincides with the National Electoral Council's approval of the first step towards a recall referendum against Maduro. The opposition needs to collect signatures from 20% of the electorate to proceed. The government has launched numerous lawsuits alleging fraud in the signature collection process. The timing of the referendum is crucial, as losing this year would trigger a new presidential election, while losing next year would result in Maduro being replaced by his vice-president. The opposition blames Maduro for the country's economic crisis and high crime rate, while Maduro attributes the issues to falling oil prices and an economic war by opponents.

Venezuela's National Election Council has confirmed that the opposition has collected enough signatures to initiate a referendum against President Nicolas Maduro. The opposition now needs to gather signatures from 20 percent of the electorate to advance the process. The timing of the referendum is crucial, as a loss for Maduro this year would trigger a new presidential election, while a loss next year would result in his replacement by the vice-president. The government has alleged significant fraud in the signature collection, but the CNE validated 98 percent of the signatures. The opposition blames Maduro for economic hardships, while Maduro attributes the issues to falling oil prices and an economic war by opponents.

Brian Martin, appointed to lead an Australian inquiry into the abuse of children in detention, has resigned following protests and criticism from Aboriginal leaders. The inquiry was launched after footage showed Aboriginal boys being tortured in a Darwin youth prison. Aboriginal leaders demanded representation on the commission, which Martin acknowledged as critical for the inquiry's effectiveness. Australia's Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull had ordered the probe, and the UN Human Rights High Commission has urged Australia to compensate the victims. Martin, a former Northern Territory Supreme Court Chief Justice, had previously been criticized for handing down light sentences to a group of white youths who killed an Aboriginal man.

In the wake of a tragic church attack in Saint-Etienne-du-Rouvray, where an elderly priest was murdered, French Interior Minister Bernard Cazeneuve argued that jailing or tagging suspects would be unconstitutional and counterproductive. Former president Nicolas Sarkozy criticized the current government's security measures and called for stricter actions against suspected Islamist militants. France, already reeling from recent terrorist attacks, plans to mobilize over 23,000 additional reserve military police to ensure security. The article highlights the ongoing debate over the balance between security and civil liberties in France.

The cost of France's worst flooding in decades could reach an estimated two billion euros, with French insurance companies expected to pay out hundreds of millions.

The United Nations is finalizing plans to airlift humanitarian aid to 19 besieged towns in Syria, but Russia has raised concerns about the safety of aid workers. Deputy special envoy for Syria, Ramzy Ezzeldin Ramzy, emphasized the need for Damascus government approval and highlighted security issues posed by various groups in Syria. Russia facilitated a temporary ceasefire to allow aid delivery to Daraya, with further deliveries expected soon. Syria is collaborating with the UN to ensure aid reaches all isolated civilians amid the ongoing civil war.

A devastating fire at a temple in Kollam, Kerala, during a Hindu New Year fireworks display resulted in over 100 deaths and more than 200 injuries. The incident overwhelmed local hospitals, necessitating the transfer of victims to the state capital. The fire was triggered by a firecracker falling on a shed storing other fireworks, causing an explosion. Prime Minister Narendra Modi expressed his condolences and planned to visit the site. Kerala's Chief Minister Oomen Chandy stated that the temple authorities had not received permission for the fireworks display, prompting an investigation. The incident occurred amid an election for a new state assembly, with local authorities and politicians addressing the cause and regulatory issues surrounding the event.

Foreign ministers from the G7 are meeting in Hiroshima to discuss issues such as extremism, the refugee crisis, nuclear non-proliferation, and conflicts in the Middle East and Ukraine. The city was chosen to emphasize non-proliferation and peace, marking over 70 years since the atomic bombing. Russia, formerly part of the G8, is notably absent due to allegations of supporting Ukrainian separatists, although Russia's foreign minister will visit Tokyo later in the week.

Azerbaijan announced a unilateral ceasefire in the Nagorno-Karabakh region after two days of clashes with Armenian-backed troops, resulting in dozens of deaths. The Azeri Defence Ministry cited appeals from international organizations as the reason for halting retaliatory military actions and consolidating territorial gains. However, Armenia dismissed the ceasefire as insincere, claiming that violence continued.

The release of Turkish journalists Can Dundar and Erdem Gul, following a court ruling that their rights were violated, is seen as a significant defeat for President Erdogan, who has openly rejected the court's decision. The journalists, who face trial for allegedly aiding a terrorist organization and violating state security, were detained after publishing material on arms shipments to Syria. Their detention has raised concerns about media freedom in Turkey. Prime Minister Davutoglu echoed Erdogan's disapproval of the court ruling. Critics, including Reporters Without Borders, condemned the government's stance, while Dundar criticized the EU for prioritizing refugee negotiations over human rights.

Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov expressed skepticism about the success of a Syrian ceasefire set to start the following week, speaking at a security conference in Munich. Lavrov cautioned against demonizing Syrian President Bashar Assad and highlighted the siege of civilians by opposition forces. The ceasefire agreement, reached by the International Syria Support Group, faced scrutiny as Russia was accused of bombing civilians and the US called for a change in Russian military targets. The future of Assad remains a significant point of contention between the US and Russia, casting doubt on the effectiveness of the ceasefire and the potential for successful peace talks.

Thousands of Greek farmers protested against pension reform plans, camping outside the parliament in Athens. They argue that the reforms, which include higher social security contributions and taxes, would leave them with little incentive to work. Farmers demand the scrapping of the current proposals and a fresh start to discussions, despite the government's offer of dialogue.

The leaders of the Roman Catholic and Russian Orthodox Churches, Pope Francis and Partiarch Kirill, met in Havana, hosted by Cuba's Communist government. This historic meeting aimed to address the millennium-long rift between the Western and Eastern branches of Christianity. The event is seen as a significant step towards improving religious links and fostering dialogue and reconciliation. Partiarch Kirill was welcomed by Cuban President Raul Castro, and the meeting was positively received by religious leaders, including Monsignor Jose Felix Perez of the Cuban Bishops Conference.

Ukraine has expanded its sanctions against Russia to include vegetables, fish, and confectionery, in addition to the existing ban on products like beef, tobacco, and chocolate. This is in retaliation to Russia's embargo on Ukrainian food imports and the suspension of a free trade agreement. Ukraine's Prime Minister Arseniy Yatsenyuk emphasized the government's commitment to protecting the country's economic interests. Additionally, Russia has prohibited Ukrainian transport of goods across its territory to Kazakhstan. Ukraine has filed a complaint with the World Trade Organization, which is expected to review the matter in February.

Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Iran's supreme leader, has expressed caution towards the United States following the lifting of sanctions against Tehran. He emphasized the need for vigilance against American deceit and treachery, especially in the context of the nuclear deal and other issues. His comments come after the EU and important US embargoes were lifted when Iran complied with a July deal to restrict its nuclear activities. The head of Iran's central bank also announced that Iran can now access $32 billion in unfrozen assets. The sanctions had severely impacted Iran's economy, particularly its nuclear and financial sectors.

A United Nations report highlights the severe atrocities faced by Iraqi refugees before fleeing to Europe, detailing kidnappings, enslavement, and sexual violence. The report, by UNAMI and OHCHR, documents executions and other brutal acts by ISIL, which may constitute war crimes and genocide. It emphasizes the plight of the Yezidi community and other minorities, with thousands enslaved and children abducted for military and religious training.

Turkish Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoglu announced that Turkish tanks and artillery have killed nearly 200 ISIL fighters in Syria and Iraq. The strikes were in retaliation for a recent suicide bomb attack in Istanbul that killed ten German tourists. The attacks targeted ISIL positions in northern Iraq and near the rebel-held town of Marea in Syria. Davutoglu mentioned that ground strikes are ongoing and may involve Turkey's air force if necessary. Turkish warplanes have avoided Syrian airspace since a diplomatic incident with Russia in November.

Peter Dreier, a district administrator from Bavaria, bused dozens of refugees to Chancellor Angela Merkel’s office in Berlin to protest the region's inability to cope with the refugee influx. Dreier emphasized the lack of proper accommodation for asylum seekers. The action drew criticism from SPD’s general secretary, Katarina Barry, who called it in poor taste. Bavaria, the main entry point for asylum seekers in Germany, has seen significant frustration, particularly from Merkel’s conservative allies, the Christian Social Union, which has called for a cap on migrant numbers.

Crowds in Kosovo protested against an EU-brokered deal granting the Serb minority greater local government powers, which opposition leaders claim is unconstitutional. The rally turned violent with police being pelted with stones and a government building being petrol bombed. Many Kosovars believe the deal threatens Kosovo's sovereignty, recognized by over a hundred countries. Kosovo declared independence from Serbia in 2008 with Western support, following NATO intervention. Protests against the deal have been ongoing, with opposition MPs disrupting parliament sessions.

Saudi Arabia's mass execution of 47 men, including prominent Shi'ite cleric Nimr al-Nimr, has sparked widespread anger and protests, particularly from the Shi'ite community and Iran. The Saudi embassy in Tehran was attacked by protesters, and Iran's supreme leader condemned the executions, predicting divine retribution. The executions have further strained relations between regional rivals Saudi Arabia and Iran, who are already at odds over the conflict in Yemen. Amnesty International criticized the trial of al-Nimr as politically motivated and grossly unfair.

Nearly two million Syrian refugees in Lebanon face severe winter conditions, with many struggling to keep their tents warm. The UNHCR highlights the increased vulnerabilities of these refugees, who have depleted their savings and are reliant on humanitarian aid. Snowstorms have worsened their living conditions, forcing families to huddle around stoves for warmth. Despite the harsh conditions, refugees like Nawal prioritize their children's safety over the cold, preferring it to the dangers of war in Syria.

Thousands of Palestinians in Hebron mourned 14 people killed in recent violence, with bodies returned by Israel weeks after their deaths. The surge in violence is attributed to increased Jewish presence in contested areas, frustration over stalled peace talks, and Israeli occupation and settlement expansion. In 2015, 170 Palestinians and 26 Israelis were killed in the occupied territories and Israel. Recent protests in Jerusalem demanded the return of Palestinian bodies, with Israel's defense minister stipulating modest funerals. The Israel Defence Forces used stun grenades to disperse protesters.

Greek drivers are surrendering their car plates to avoid paying road taxes, resulting in approximately 700 million euros in lost revenue for the Greek government over six years. The latest bailout agreement mandates Greece to collect 150 million euros from the tax, affecting vehicles with engines over 2.5 liters, while diesel engine owners benefit from lower taxes. Without plates, cars must be immobilized, leaving many without transportation.

Jason Van Dyke, a white Chicago police officer, has pleaded not guilty to six counts of first-degree murder and one count of official misconduct for the 2014 killing of 17-year-old Laquan McDonald. Video footage showing McDonald being shot 16 times sparked public outrage and widespread demonstrations, with calls for Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel to resign over accusations of covering up police killings of black men. Emanuel has stated he will not step down but will review police practices. Van Dyke's next court hearing is scheduled for January 29.

Naji Jerf, a Syrian filmmaker and journalist known for his critical stance against ISIL and the Syrian regime, was shot dead in Turkey. Jerf was part of the Raqqa Is Being Slaughtered Silently campaign and had recently completed a documentary on ISIL. His killing, which occurred just before he was to seek asylum in France, has not been claimed by any group. Jerf is remembered as a dedicated nationalist committed to the Syrian cause.

Demonstrators in Chicago disrupted Christmas shopping on Michigan Avenue, calling for Mayor Rahm Emanuel's resignation over alleged cover-ups of police killings of black men. Protests have escalated since the release of a video showing the police killing of black teenager Laquan McDonald by Officer Jason Van Dyke, who is now charged with first-degree murder. Emanuel has apologized but refuses to resign, promising to review police practices.

Peace talks between warring sides in Yemen have commenced in Switzerland, backed by the UN, aiming for a permanent truce to end the conflict between Iranian-allied Houthi rebels and a Saudi-led Arab alliance. The conflict has severely impacted local residents, with many homes damaged and over two million people displaced. The UN reports that half of the nearly 6,000 fatalities are civilians, including 637 children.

A Russian Soyuz rocket carrying a three-man international crew, including Britain's first ESA astronaut Tim Peake, successfully launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. The mission marks a significant milestone for Peake, who has 17 years of service as an armed forces pilot. The article also references previous British astronauts Helen Sharman and Michael Foale, highlighting Peake's unique position as the first British ESA astronaut.

The US Army has decided that Sergeant Bowe Bergdahl will face a court martial on charges of desertion and endangering US troops after he walked away from his unit in Afghanistan. Bergdahl, who was held captive by the Taliban for five years, was freed in exchange for five Taliban leaders. The head of the Army investigation team reportedly believes Bergdahl should not be imprisoned. The date for his hearing at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, will be announced later.

At least two people were killed in Diyarbakir, Turkey, during clashes between protesters and security forces. The protests were against a government-imposed curfew amid ongoing battles with Kurdish militants. The conflict has intensified since the collapse of a ceasefire between the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) and Turkish security forces in July, leading to hundreds of deaths. The PKK, designated a terrorist group by Turkey, the US, and the EU, has been involved in an insurgency since the 1980s.

The Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet in Oslo for their significant role in Tunisia's peaceful transition to democracy. The group emphasized global priorities such as combating terrorism and supporting Palestinian self-determination. Hussein Abassi, head of the Tunisian General Labour Union, stressed the importance of international cooperation in fighting terrorism. The ceremony featured a performance by Tunisian artist Emal Mathlouthee, whose song was influential during the Tunisian revolution. Tunisia is now seen as a model for transitioning from dictatorship to democracy.

France's far-right National Front is unlikely to secure enough votes to win two key regions in the upcoming local election second-round run-offs, according to a new poll. Mainstream parties are mobilizing to counter the rise of Marine Le Pen and Marion Maréchal-Le Pen, who saw significant gains in the first round. In the French Riviera PACA region, Marion Maréchal-Le Pen is projected to lose to right-wing candidate Christian Estrosi, who is gaining support from left-wing voters. Many left-wing voters are expected to support conservatives to prevent the National Front from achieving a major breakthrough.

French Prime Minister Manuel Valls confirmed the identification of Foued Mohammed-Aggad as the third attacker at the Bataclan music venue in Paris. Mohammed-Aggad, who went to Syria two years ago, died in the attack. Another suspect, Salah Abdeslam, remains at large, while his brother Brahim died in a separate explosion. The Bataclan massacre was part of a coordinated attack in Paris that killed 130 people, with the Islamic State claiming responsibility.

Nepal is set to formally declare a new constitution that includes protections against discrimination for LGBT individuals. The constitution, approved by the Constituent Assembly, marks a significant step forward for LGBT equality in Nepal. The announcement has been met with both celebration and protest, with Hindu activists opposing the secular nature of the new constitution. The recent earthquakes in Nepal, which killed 8,900 people, played a role in uniting political parties to advance the proceedings.

Hungarian journalist György Kakuk joined refugees traveling from the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia to the Serb-Hungarian border to experience their journey first-hand. He observed that countries along the Balkan route are facilitating the refugees' passage to quickly move them out of their territories. Most refugees are fleeing conflict in Iraq and Syria, aiming to reach Hungary and eventually settle in Switzerland or Germany. Kakuk's observations challenge common stereotypes about refugees, highlighting their unwillingness to leave their home countries and the dire conditions that forced them to flee.

As Greece approaches a crucial referendum on bailout terms, opinion polls show conflicting results. Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras's government may fall if the 'yes' vote prevails. Tsipras and Finance Minister Yanis Varoufakis believe a 'no' vote could lead to better negotiation terms, including debt relief. Eurozone finance ministers, however, warn that a 'no' vote could jeopardize Greece's place in the eurozone. Greek banks remain closed, severely impacting pensioners who rely on cash transactions.

The United States will raise its flag over a US embassy in Havana, Cuba, as President Barack Obama announced plans to reestablish diplomatic relations. Secretary of State John Kerry will travel to Havana to raise the flag, signifying the reopening of the embassy. Obama emphasized the continuation of support for universal values and encouraged Congress to lift the embargo on Cuba. The US interests section in Havana will become a full embassy, and Cuba's mission in Washington will also be upgraded. The next step for both countries is to work towards restoring full bilateral relations.

German Chancellor Angela Merkel and British Prime Minister David Cameron are committed to working together on reforming the European Union, with the aim of keeping the UK within the bloc. Cameron, who was in Berlin, emphasized that the UK's national interest is best served by remaining in a reformed EU. Merkel highlighted the importance of addressing member states' needs while maintaining core principles such as trade freedom and labor mobility. Cameron will detail his reform proposals at an upcoming EU summit.

Russia's space industry faces significant challenges following consecutive rocket launch failures, including the loss of a Mexican communications satellite and an unmanned Progress spacecraft. Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin emphasized the importance of resolving these issues to maintain Russia's position in the global space market. Experts suggest that a decline in engineering standards and human resources may be contributing factors. The setbacks threaten Russia's share in the multibillion-dollar global launch market.

The first funeral for a victim of the Philadelphia train derailment was held for Justin Zemser, a 20-year-old US Naval Academy midshipman, on Long Island. The derailment, which occurred on a Washington-to-New York train, resulted in eight deaths and over 200 injuries. Investigators are examining reports that the train's driver, Brandon Bostian, had reported a cracked windscreen possibly caused by an object, leading to an emergency stop. Five patients remain in intensive care in a Philadelphia hospital.

Houthi fighters in Yemen have agreed to a five-day ceasefire starting Tuesday, following a proposal by Saudi Arabia and an appeal from US Secretary of State John Kerry. The ceasefire aims to allow humanitarian aid into Yemen. However, violations were warned against by the Houthis, and recent Saudi-led airstrikes targeted the home of former President Ali Abdullah Saleh and other Houthi positions. The UN has condemned the airstrikes on Saada city as a breach of international humanitarian law.

A Saudi-led coalition airstrike in Yemen destroyed the Sanaa residence of former President Ali Abdullah Saleh, injuring civilians. Eyewitness Abdullah al-Roudi criticized the attack for its timing during dawn prayers and lack of mercy. The airstrikes, which began in March, aim to halt Houthi advances and support the government of President Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi, who is in Riyadh. The UN has indicated that some airstrikes may violate international humanitarian law. Houthis have agreed to a five-day ceasefire proposed by Saudi Arabia after the US Secretary of State called for a pause to allow humanitarian aid. The conflict has resulted in over 1,400 deaths, many of whom are civilians.

Nearly 6,000 migrants have been rescued from the Mediterranean Sea in the past five days, with 400 feared drowned. The International Organisation for Migration reports over 500 migrant deaths en route to Italy since 2015, a significant increase from the previous year. Local Italians express concern over the capacity to accommodate the new arrivals, citing lack of facilities and personal economic hardships. Over 1,000 authors appealed to the European Parliament for better treatment of migrants seeking protection at EU borders.

Oklahoma prosecutors charged reserve deputy Robert Bates with second-degree manslaughter for the fatal shooting of Eric Harris during an undercover operation. Bates, who is also an insurance executive, mistakenly used his handgun instead of his taser. If convicted, Bates could face up to four years in prison. The incident has sparked outrage and is seen as part of a pattern of excessive police force against black men in the United States.

Feidin Santana, who recorded the fatal police shooting of Walter Scott, speaks out about his decision to release the video. The footage, showing officer Michael Slager shooting Scott as he ran away, led to Slager being charged with murder. The incident has intensified the national debate on police trust and racial tensions, especially following the earlier shooting of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri. North Charlestown police will now be required to wear body cameras.

Tunisia's President Beji Caid Essebsi signed agreements to enhance economic and security cooperation with France during a state visit to Paris. Essebsi called for further collaboration in combating terrorism and promoting integration between Europe, Africa, and the Mediterranean. The visit follows a terrorist attack on Tunisia's National Bardo Museum, with French President Francois Hollande showing solidarity by attending a rally in Tunis.

Speculation about co-pilot Andreas Lubitz's mental health continues after the crash of Germanwings flight 9525. French and German investigators have not confirmed reports of Lubitz's treatment by neurologists and psychiatrists. Pilot Frank Woiton, who knew Lubitz, expressed surprise, while Evan Cullen of the Irish Airline Pilots Association criticized the quick judgment and lack of a technical report. French investigator General Jean-Pierre Michel emphasized the need for the flight data recorder to rule out mechanical issues.

A memorial service was held at Dusseldorf’s Catholic Basilika, St. Lambertus, to honor the victims of the Germanwings plane crash. Juan Pardo, who lost three family members, expressed his profound grief. Emergency services grief counselor Christoph Doerpinghaus highlighted the complexities of dealing with such tragedies. In France’s Le Vernet region, relatives laid flowers at a memorial near the crash site, with Mayor Francois Balique welcoming them to pay their respects.

Saudi Arabia and its allies continued airstrikes in Sanaa, Yemen, aiming to prevent Houthi rebel expansion. The Saudi Press Agency showed footage of bombings at Sanaa's airport. The Houthi-run Saba news agency reported 24 deaths and significant damage. Amnesty International confirmed child casualties. Hezbollah's leader, Hassan Nasrallah, condemned the airstrikes and called for renewed political dialogue. Despite the airstrikes, Houthi rebels captured the port of Shaqra, expanding their territory.

The Hungarian government has denied allegations of insider trading following the suspension of brokerage Quaestor's license by the National Bank of Hungary. The opposition Socialist Party has called for Prime Minister Viktor Orban's resignation, accusing the government of withdrawing state funds with prior knowledge of Quaestor's impending bankruptcy. Orban has defended the action, stating he ordered the withdrawal of public funds from brokerages to prevent losses amidst a potential domino effect in the financial sector. Meanwhile, Quaestor's customers are left uncertain about the recovery of their investments.

Chris Huhne faced an inquiry after his girlfriend Carina Trimingham was revealed to have touted for work boasting access to Cabinet ministers. Trimingham, a former journalist and PR consultant, sent an email with her CV to major PR firms in London, claiming 'excellent contacts' within the government. Labour MP Paul Flynn called for an investigation into potential breaches of the ministerial code. Huhne denied any conflict of interest, stating Trimingham would not accept work related to his departmental responsibilities. Huhne is also under investigation for a separate issue involving his ex-wife Vicky Pryce and speeding offence penalty points. Labour MP John Mann criticized the government's links to the lobbying industry as 'incestuous'.

The article explores the historical context and evolution of music, particularly focusing on the 17th and 18th centuries. It discusses the social uses of music in Africa, the development of public music in England, and the rise of musical classics. Key figures such as Handel and his work 'Messiah' are examined, along with the contributions of various scholars and musicians. The text also delves into the cultural and political implications of musical events and publications during this period.

The article delves into the historical and literary significance of Samuel Johnson's Dictionary, highlighting its impact on lexicography and its reception over time. It discusses Johnson's meticulous approach to compiling the dictionary, his extensive reading, and the innovative methods he introduced. The text also explores the various influences and predecessors of Johnson's work, as well as the subsequent editions and revisions. The article critiques the facsimile edition published by Times Books and reflects on the enduring relevance and authority of Johnson's Dictionary in the field of English lexicography.