The article discusses the complexities of the European interconnected power system and the challenges posed by the zonal electricity market design. It explains how the physical laws of electricity flow across borders, regardless of administrative and legal boundaries, leading to issues such as loopflows and unscheduled power flows. The market is divided into bidding zones, which can lead to different types of power flows: internal, import/export, loopflows, and transit flows. The article suggests that to cope with these issues, there needs to be better coordination, grid investments, and possibly a reconfiguration of the zones to better reflect the power system's capabilities. The definitions provided are based on a joint task force report by ACER-ENTSO-E from 2011.

The article draws parallels between the nationalist rhetoric of the Brexit campaign and historical nationalist movements of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The author reflects on Boris Johnson's resignation letter to Theresa May, comparing its language to that of historical national activists. The article also discusses the rise of nationalism in the UK, contrasting it with Eastern European nationalism and traditional British nationalism. It examines the implications of Brexit on historical perceptions of modernity and nationalism, questioning the applicability of modernisation theory to the UK's current situation. The author suggests that Brexit has challenged historians to reconsider their models and concepts of modernity, backwardness, and the dynamics between centers and peripheries in European history.