Mike Stobbe

Bedbug infestations are resurging, particularly during warmer months, driven in part by growing resistance to insecticides. Bedbugs can hide in furniture, clothing and mattresses, and bites may produce no visible symptoms, allowing infestations to worsen. A laboratory study found that bedbugs could acquire and later spread MRSA, although transmission to humans in real-world conditions remains unconfirmed. Experts recommend inspecting hotel rooms and secondhand items, laundering and heat-drying belongings, and seeking licensed exterminators for active infestations; heat and silica-based treatments can be effective alternatives to conventional chemicals.

Federal officials traced a multistate salmonella outbreak that sickened at least 345 people in 27 U.S. states to jalapeño peppers grown in Sinaloa, Mexico, with 36 hospitalizations and no reported deaths. Coast Citrus Distributors, the identified importer, recalled the peppers. Investigators found that most interviewed patients had eaten at Mexican-style restaurants, including Chipotle Mexican Grill and Qdoba; both chains removed jalapeños, and officials said neither remained an ongoing consumer risk. The FDA continued investigating whether the peppers reached grocery stores, while Chipotle’s shares fell sharply amid the outbreak and broader concerns about reduced restaurant traffic.

The U.S. Senate confirmed Dr. Erica Schwartz as the CDC’s director by a 51-44 vote, making her the agency’s first permanent leader in nearly a year. Schwartz, a physician and lawyer who previously served as deputy surgeon general and held a leadership role in the Coast Guard, won support after initially facing questions about whether she would challenge scientifically unsound directives from Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Her appointment comes after major CDC workforce losses, declining morale and a succession of temporary leaders under President Donald Trump. Public-health groups welcomed her experience but urged her to defend evidence-based guidance, protect agency workers and provide stability amid continuing leadership vacancies across federal health agencies.

U.S. health officials linked an iceberg lettuce-associated cyclospora outbreak to 15 states, adding Arkansas, Iowa, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire and North Carolina to the previously affected states. Investigators are focused on Taylor Farms, which recalled iceberg lettuce grown in central Mexico, after initially examining lettuce served at Taco Bell. More than 25,000 cyclospora infections have been reported nationally, including over 12,000 in Michigan and two deaths. Officials cited delayed symptoms, laboratory challenges and reduced public-health staffing as obstacles to identifying the outbreak’s source and containing it.

A CDC study of nearly 1,000 suspected cases at four Atlanta-area hospitals and clinics confirmed about 450 invasive mold infections between 2020 and 2024. Roughly one-third of diagnosed patients died in hospital, and researchers estimated three to five cases annually per 100 inpatient beds, with higher rates at major academic centers. The disease disproportionately threatens cancer patients, transplant recipients, older adults and others with weakened immune systems. Researchers and experts warn that climate change, extreme weather and an aging population could increase exposure and incidence, while additional studies are needed to determine the infection’s national prevalence.

Global road injury and death rates fell by more than 30% between 1990 and 2023, but the gains were uneven: 90% of road deaths still occur in low-income countries, where safety measures have not kept pace with urbanization and motorization. The World Health Organization reported a 21% decline in traffic deaths between 2011 and 2025, while warning that crashes still killed more than 1.1 million people in the latest year and remain the leading cause of death for people aged 5 to 29. U.S. fatalities rose during the past decade and peaked in 2021 before declining, though pedestrian deaths remain above pre-pandemic levels. Researchers cite differences in safety regulations, vehicle protections and driving behavior as major factors behind the disparities.

Erica Schwartz defended her nomination to lead the CDC by pledging scientific integrity and transparency amid intense Senate scrutiny over political interference by Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Senators questioned her awareness of curtailed CDC programs and her willingness to resist directives undermining vaccine promotion. The hearing highlighted sustained turmoil at the CDC following leadership turnover and staff losses under the Trump administration. Schwartz committed to severing financial ties with private healthcare companies if confirmed. A second nominee, Sean Kaufman, faced criticism over past anti‑vaccine‑aligned statements and his support for canceling mRNA vaccine projects, raising concerns about weakened preparedness for future infectious threats.

Cyclospora infections reported across 34 U.S. states have surpassed the previous national record, with Michigan accounting for more than 3,300 cases and officials suspecting a linked domestic outbreak. Interviews with more than 1,000 Michigan patients identified lettuce as a recurring exposure, prompting advice to avoid bagged lettuce and pre-mixed salad kits and to wash whole heads thoroughly. Taco Bell temporarily removed some ingredients at selected restaurants as a precaution. The CDC reported 1,645 confirmed domestic cases and more than 5,100 additional reports awaiting analysis, while experts pointed to improved detection, historical underreporting and climate change as factors behind the rising trend.

A cyclospora outbreak centered in southeastern Michigan has grown to nearly 1,000 cases, with additional infections reported in Ohio, making it one of the largest U.S. outbreaks in years. The parasite, which causes prolonged watery diarrhea, is linked to contaminated produce, but investigators have not identified a source. Experts note that rising case numbers may reflect both climate-related changes and improved detection. National case counts are currently four times higher than last year. Officials advise thorough washing of produce, choosing whole lettuce heads over prewashed mixes, and consulting healthcare providers for persistent diarrhea as investigations continue.

Child drownings in the United States have risen in recent years, reversing decades of decline, with deaths increasing from 756 in 2019 to 865 in 2024. Experts cite interruptions to swimming lessons and lifeguard training during the COVID-19 pandemic, lifeguard shortages, and increased pool use as contributing factors. Pediatricians and public health advocates emphasize the critical need for constant supervision, swimming lessons, and safety standards such as pool fencing and lifeguard regulations. The Stew Leonard family’s experience, which led to funding swimming lessons and safety programs, highlights the dangers of brief lapses in caregiver attention. Preliminary data suggests a possible recent decline in drownings, though rates remain higher than before the pandemic, prompting renewed calls for prevention efforts and safety regulations.

Flu vaccinations have been reinstated as mandatory for all U.S. military recruits following a widespread outbreak at Lackland Air Force Base that sickened nearly 300 trainees. The Pentagon said previously requested exceptions allowing mandatory vaccination across the services were finalized earlier in June and were not tied to the outbreak. At Lackland, only 40 percent of new trainees opted for the shot once it became optional, contributing to rapid spread in crowded training conditions. Experts noted that flu can circulate in warmer months, especially in close‑quarter settings. Army and Navy officials also sought permission to require the vaccine for deploying troops, healthcare personnel, and childcare staff. Advocacy groups welcomed the return of mandatory vaccination, citing troop safety and public health benefits.

A major study on COVID‑19 vaccine effectiveness that had been previously blocked by Trump administration officials has been published, showing the vaccine reduced hospitalizations by about 55 percent and emergency or urgent care visits by 50 percent. Former CDC acting director Jay Bhattacharya questioned the study’s methodology, though public health experts defend the approach as reliable. The release has renewed scrutiny over political interference in federal health communications.

A COVID‑19 vaccine effectiveness study previously blocked from publication by Trump‑era officials has been released, showing the vaccines reduce hospitalizations by 55 percent and emergency or urgent‑care visits by 50 percent. The research, based on a long‑standing test‑negative design, drew scrutiny from acting CDC Director Jay Bhattacharya, prompting its redirection from a CDC journal to JAMA Network Open. Public health experts defended the methodology as the best available for real‑time effectiveness estimates, while some critics, including Martin Kulldorff, questioned its assumptions and scope. A recent CDC forum highlighted the design’s strengths and ongoing debate over optimal approaches to evaluating vaccine performance.

The final eight American passengers quarantined in Nebraska after a deadly hantavirus outbreak on the MV Hondius cruise ship have been released following a 42‑day monitoring period. Federal, state and local authorities coordinated the response after more than 120 people were evacuated from the ship in the Canary Islands. No additional cases were detected among those in quarantine. Some passengers praised the support they received during their stay, while one, Angela Perryman, criticized her extended confinement stemming from Florida’s refusal to provide round‑the‑clock monitoring. Health officials believe the outbreak began with exposure in South America, and global agencies continue tracking the status of other affected passengers worldwide.

Robert F. Kennedy Jr., as U.S. Health Secretary, ordered that Angela Perryman remain in a Nebraska quarantine facility despite a CDC-led medical review recommending she be allowed to finish isolation at home in Florida. Experts concluded Florida’s proposed monitoring plan was sufficient, but federal officials rejected it, citing safety concerns tied to the Andes hantavirus. Legal and public health scholars criticized the decision as unnecessary and politically motivated. Perryman, asymptomatic five weeks after exposure, described severe restrictions at the facility and expressed frustration with the prolonged confinement. Several other passengers remain quarantined because their home states accepted stricter monitoring terms, while others were released earlier.

U.S. infant mortality dropped to a historic low in 2025, with the rate falling to just under 5.4 deaths per 1,000 live births and total infant deaths decreasing to about 19,350. The decline follows improvements that began after a rise in 2022 attributed to increased RSV and flu infections. Preventive measures introduced in 2023, including an RSV antibody treatment for infants and an RSV vaccine for pregnant women, are credited with aiding the improvement. Racial disparities persisted in 2024, with infants born to Black women experiencing more than double the mortality rate of other groups. Mississippi recorded the highest state rate and New Hampshire the lowest. Early data also point to ongoing declines in deaths among both newborns and older infants, and reductions in sudden infant death syndrome are linked to expanded safe-sleep education.

U.S. health officials warn that the Ebola outbreak in Central Africa could exceed 20,000 cases unless isolation and containment improve significantly. Current CDC models show outcomes varying widely depending on how quickly infected individuals are identified and separated, with higher isolation rates potentially cutting projected cases in half. The outbreak has been worsened by regional conflict and population displacement, while limited early data complicates accurate forecasting. International agencies report roughly 400 confirmed cases so far, though the true number is likely higher. Travel restrictions and screenings in the United States aim to minimize domestic risk. Prior CDC projections during the 2014–2016 West Africa outbreak were significantly overestimated, highlighting the uncertainty in modeling emerging epidemics.

Five of 18 Americans quarantined in Nebraska after exposure to the Andes hantavirus on a South Atlantic cruise ship were cleared to complete their monitoring at home after remaining symptom‑free. Thirteen total cases, including three deaths, have been linked to the outbreak, though none in the United States. Federal and state authorities arranged noncommercial travel with biocontainment measures, while remaining passengers continue observation at the University of Nebraska Medical Center. One passenger chose to stay for the full quarantine period due to health‑access concerns. Health officials maintain that overall public risk remains low.

Around 8% of Americans remained uninsured in 2025, according to new CDC data, though upcoming policy changes could increase the number of uninsured next year. Medicaid reforms enacted under the Trump administration and the expiration of key Affordable Care Act subsidies are projected to reduce coverage, with estimates suggesting millions fewer participants in Medicaid and ACA marketplace plans. Despite steady percentage levels, the uninsured population increased by about 800,000 people, including 300,000 children, due largely to population growth. Historical data show significant shifts in insurance coverage tied to policy changes over recent decades, with uninsured rates hitting record lows during the COVID-19 pandemic before stabilizing in 2025.

State laws regulating the release of psychiatric hospital records often prevent descendants from accessing information that could clarify family mental health histories. While federal HIPAA rules protect records for 50 years after death, many states impose stricter limits, with New York keeping records sealed indefinitely. Some states, including Massachusetts and Washington, have recently eased access to older records, acknowledging past institutional abuses. Advocates and researchers argue that greater access would support families seeking medical context and historical understanding, while lawmakers in New York push for reforms to classify long‑deceased patient records as historical materials.

Overdose deaths in the United States fell by 14 percent in 2025, marking a third consecutive annual decline after pandemic-era spikes. Improvements are attributed to expanded access to naloxone, greater availability of addiction treatment, changing drug-use patterns and the impact of opioid settlement funds. Researchers also cite decreased availability of fentanyl precursor chemicals and a shrinking population of users. Officials warn that emerging synthetic drugs, including the potent opioid cychlorphine, pose new risks. The Trump administration’s cuts to harm reduction programs, including test strip funding, have drawn criticism from advocates who argue such services are essential to sustaining declines in overdose fatalities.

A wave of resignations and unfilled positions has deepened leadership instability across the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, highlighted by FDA chief Marty Makary’s departure. Key agencies including the FDA, CDC, and the Office of the Surgeon General are operating under acting leaders amid criticism that scientific expertise has diminished and political interference has increased under Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. The FDA faces major regulatory challenges while the CDC struggles with inconsistent leadership and communication during emerging health concerns such as the hantavirus outbreak. The administration has shifted its health messaging ahead of midterm elections, but experts warn that ongoing instability and ideological decision-making are undermining public trust and the effectiveness of federal health agencies.

Experts argue the CDC’s minimal visibility during a hantavirus outbreak on a cruise ship reflects a weakened U.S. public health system, contrasting sharply with WHO’s leading role and the CDC’s past prominence in global disease response. The outbreak, involving several deaths and American passengers, has prompted questions about preparedness amid staffing cuts, restricted international engagement, and policy shifts under the Trump administration. While the CDC has issued limited statements and is deploying teams to assist, public health specialists warn that its subdued involvement signals diminished capacity to manage international health threats.

Health officials are tracing contacts worldwide after a hantavirus outbreak on a cruise ship caused three deaths, though authorities say the risk of broader spread remains low. The Andes virus, which can rarely spread between humans, is under genetic investigation as scientists work to determine possible mutations and transmission routes. Multiple countries are monitoring or isolating exposed passengers, while U.S. and U.K. officials report no symptomatic cases among tracked individuals. International health agencies emphasize that infections appear limited and that the situation differs significantly from past global pandemics.

The Trump administration appealed a federal court order that blocked health secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr.’s efforts to scale back childhood vaccine recommendations and halt actions affecting the national immunization advisory committee. The appeal follows a lawsuit by pediatric and medical groups seeking to stop Kennedy’s rollback of vaccination policies and his replacement of the advisory panel with anti-vaccine figures. Judge Brian Murphy ruled that Kennedy’s reconstitution of the committee likely violated federal law and suspended its actions. The administration’s recent attempts to broaden membership qualifications did not resolve the legal challenges, and plaintiffs vow to continue opposing the policy changes.

An early and unusually active tick season across the United States has prompted warnings from health experts and the CDC, with ER visits for tick bites at their highest level for this time of year since 2017. Mild winters, climate conditions, and rising deer and mouse populations are contributing to tick expansion, increasing risks of diseases such as Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Connecticut is experiencing a notable surge, with 40% of tested ticks carrying Lyme-causing bacteria. Experts urge preventive measures including avoiding brushy areas, wearing treated clothing, using EPA-approved repellents, and promptly removing ticks.

U.S. health officials halted publication of a study assessing COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness, citing concerns about its methodology despite its use in other peer-reviewed research. The unpublished study found that vaccines reduced emergency room visits and hospitalizations among healthy adults by about half during the winter. Scientists familiar with the method disputed the government’s objections, arguing the approach is widely accepted and accounts for differences in care-seeking behavior. The decision revived concerns about political interference in public health communications, with lawmakers warning that restricting scientific reporting could endanger public health.

Donald Trump nominated former deputy surgeon general Erica Schwartz to lead the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, aiming to stabilize an agency marked by leadership turmoil. Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr.'s efforts to revisit childhood vaccine guidance and previous leadership dismissals have contributed to internal unrest. Additional CDC leadership appointments were announced alongside Schwartz, though her nomination drew criticism from vaccine-policy opponents. The move comes as Trump’s nominee for surgeon general, Casey Means, faces stalled Senate confirmation amid bipartisan concerns over Kennedy’s direction for the department.

CDC paused more than two dozen diagnostic tests, including for rabies and monkeypox, amid an ongoing review of laboratory operations and significant workforce reductions in the past year. Officials describe the pause as temporary, though staffing cuts across multiple CDC labs, including major reductions in poxvirus, rabies and malaria divisions, have contributed to operational strain. Some state laboratories in New York and California are expected to fill gaps during the pause, and federal officials say some testing should resume in coming weeks.

The CDC has yet to replace more than 150 windows shattered during an August attack in which a gunman opened fire on the agency’s campus, killing a police officer before dying himself. Acting CDC Director Jay Bhattacharya told staff that window replacements are underway, noting the custom fabrication and weather‑dependent installation. Employees expressed frustration with Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., whose brief visit after the shooting included no staff meetings and whose past anti‑vaccine activism has drawn scrutiny. Bhattacharya said Kennedy approved renaming the CDC entrance after the fallen officer, David Rose.

A machine learning–based study estimates that about 155,000 early COVID-19 deaths in the U.S. went uncounted in 2020–2021, disproportionately affecting Hispanic people and other communities of color, particularly in Southern and Southwestern states. Limited access to testing outside hospitals, inconsistencies in death investigations, and political influences contributed to the gap. Researchers analyzed death certificates to identify likely COVID-related deaths misclassified as other causes, highlighting ongoing inequities in access to care and the challenges of accurately assessing pandemic mortality.

A federal judge in Boston temporarily halted the U.S. government’s attempt to reduce the number of vaccines recommended for children, finding that Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. likely violated federal procedures when restructuring a key vaccine advisory committee. The ruling pauses both the revised childhood vaccine guidance and the actions of the reconstituted advisory panel. Major medical organizations, including the American Academy of Pediatrics, had challenged the administration’s changes in court, seeking to maintain the current vaccination schedule.

Short, intense stair climbing is increasingly recognized as a beneficial form of exercise, offering cardiovascular and mental health gains comparable to longer sessions of walking. Despite growing endorsement from health experts, many office buildings restrict stairwell access due to liability concerns, leading to friction between fitness enthusiasts and property managers. Public health advocates argue these limitations are unnecessary, noting research showing minimal risk from climbing. With many U.S. workers in multistory buildings, access remains inconsistent, prompting climbers to seek creative alternatives such as parks, hotel stairwells, or specialized equipment.

Flu vaccines in the US were less effective this season, performing at about 25–30 percent effectiveness for adults due to a poorly matched A H3N2 subclade K strain that spread widely early in winter. Vaccination rates remained relatively low, contributing to widespread illness, though vaccinated individuals were less likely to require medical care. The season saw an estimated 27 million illnesses and 22,000 deaths, with most pediatric deaths occurring in unvaccinated children. Upcoming vaccines for the 2026–27 season are set to include the dominant subclade K, following recommendations by the World Health Organization and support from a US FDA advisory committee.

Maternal deaths in the United States declined in 2024, falling to 649 from 669 the previous year, continuing a downward trend from pandemic-era peaks. Preliminary data suggests the decline may have continued into 2025, though final numbers may shift. The reduction is attributed largely to the waning impact of COVID-19 and potentially improved maternal care. The 2024 mortality rate remained about 18 deaths per 100,000 live births, still high compared with other wealthy nations. Persistent disparities were noted, with Black women and women over 40 facing mortality rates more than three times higher than other groups.

European regulators approved acoziborole, a one-dose sleeping sickness treatment developed by Sanofi, clearing a path for its use in Congo and other African countries. The drug offers simpler administration than existing therapies and could accelerate progress toward eliminating the disease, though experts note remaining uncertainties about parasite behavior. Cases have fallen significantly due to improved treatments and public health efforts, and the World Health Organization aims to halt transmission by 2030. A clinical study in Congo and Guinea showed a high cure rate, and Sanofi plans to donate doses to ensure patient access.

Public trust in U.S. health agencies has declined during Robert F. Kennedy Jr.’s first year leading the Department of Health and Human Services as he rescinds vaccine guidance and dismisses scientific advisers. Medical groups warn that his actions amplify misinformation and risk increasing preventable disease, prompting states, professional organizations and researchers to counter his policy changes. Surveys show significant drops in confidence in agencies such as the CDC across political groups, while new revelations have raised questions about Kennedy’s transparency. Experts argue the resulting confusion is undermining vaccination efforts and contributing to resurging illnesses.

Federal health data once routinely released has been delayed, removed, or discontinued under policy and staffing changes during the Trump administration and Robert F. Kennedy Jr.’s tenure as health secretary. Researchers report losing access to abortion surveillance, overdose monitoring systems, smoking and vaping surveys, food safety tracking, and LGBTQ-related public health information. Officials cite resource alignment and agency priorities, while critics argue the reductions undermine transparency and hinder public health efforts. Key advisory committees were replaced without expected ethics disclosures, raising concerns about conflicts of interest.

Atrial fibrillation is an irregular heart rhythm affecting millions of Americans, increasing risks for blood clots, stroke, and heart failure. Smarter diagnostic tools such as wearable devices have led to more diagnoses. Causes include aging, cardiovascular risk factors, viruses, and genetics. Treatments range from cardioversion and implanted devices to advanced ablation procedures, alongside medications that regulate rhythm or reduce stroke risk. Lifestyle measures such as exercise, sleep, blood‑pressure control, and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol can lower risk. Early evaluation is advised when symptoms occur.

Provisional data show U.S. births declined slightly in 2025, reversing a small uptick recorded in 2024. Experts attribute the continued long-term fall in births and fertility rates to delayed marriage, financial concerns, and broader social uncertainty. Analysts note that most 2025 births resulted from conceptions during a period of economic and political worry. Although the Trump administration introduced measures intended to encourage higher birth rates, overall U.S. fertility remains below replacement level and consistent with a multi‑decade downward trend.

Researchers found that cancer patients first diagnosed in 2020 and 2021 had lower one‑year survival rates than those diagnosed before the pandemic, despite overall U.S. cancer mortality continuing to decline. The analysis, using national cancer registry data, identified declines across early‑ and late‑stage diagnoses, with the largest impacts in colorectal, prostate and pancreatic cancers. Experts attribute the trend to widespread disruptions in screening and treatment access caused by COVID‑19, while noting that further study is needed to determine whether the effects are temporary or lasting.

Life expectancy in the United States rose to a record 79 years in 2024 as deaths declined across major causes including heart disease, cancer and drug overdoses. COVID-19 fell out of the top ten causes of death, and overall mortality improved for all demographic groups. Approximately 3.07 million U.S. residents died in 2024, and preliminary 2025 data suggest a continued but modest improvement. Experts attribute the gains to both the pandemic’s retreat and advances in medical care and weight management, though the U.S. continues to lag behind many other countries in longevity.

William Foege, a key figure in the global eradication of smallpox, died at 89 in Atlanta. Known for pioneering the ring containment vaccination strategy while working in Nigeria, he played a central role in eliminating one of history’s deadliest diseases. Foege later served as CDC director and held leadership positions in major global health organizations. He received the Medal of Freedom in 2012 and was widely recognized as a transformative force in international public health.

The United States has formally completed its withdrawal from the World Health Organization, a year after Donald Trump initiated the process, leaving an unpaid balance of roughly $280 million. Public health experts warn the move will impede global outbreak responses, weaken U.S. access to disease intelligence, and hinder scientific collaboration, including efforts on polio eradication and vaccine development. The administration cites WHO mismanagement during COVID‑19 and a lack of reform as justification, while critics argue the decision is legally questionable and strategically harmful, with limited prospects for replacing WHO-facilitated data-sharing through bilateral agreements.

The United States has formally withdrawn from the World Health Organization, ending participation in its committees, data-sharing networks and global health initiatives while leaving more than $130 million in unpaid dues. The Trump administration cites WHO mismanagement during Covid-19 and lack of reforms, but health experts warn the move will undermine pandemic preparedness, disrupt vaccine and disease surveillance efforts and weaken programmes targeting polio, maternal health and emerging viral threats. Critics argue the withdrawal harms U.S. scientific leadership, reduces access to early outbreak intelligence and may be legally questionable without congressional approval.

Reported measles cases in South Carolina increased by nearly 30% in several days, reaching 558, with the outbreak concentrated in Spartanburg County. Additional cases have occurred across multiple U.S. states amid the worst national spread since 1991, with over 2,100 cases and three deaths last year. Measles, a highly contagious airborne virus, is preventable through vaccination, and the U.S. remains at risk of losing its elimination status.

Flu activity in the United States has declined for two consecutive weeks, with notable drops in hospitalizations, medical visits for flu-like symptoms, and the number of states with high flu activity. No major increases in COVID-19 or RSV have been observed, and officials describe the overall respiratory virus season as moderate. Experts caution that a second surge remains possible, particularly because the season is dominated by the H3N2 strain, most infections involve a new variant not matched by this year’s vaccine, and flu seasons often extend after the holidays. The CDC estimates at least 18 million illnesses, 230,000 hospitalizations, and 9,300 deaths so far, with most pediatric deaths occurring in unvaccinated children.

Federal officials are reinstating nearly all National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health employees who were laid off during a major workforce reduction initiated under the Trump administration. The layoffs, which affected about 900 of 1,000 workers, drew strong opposition from labor groups and industry stakeholders. The American Federation of Government Employees reported that all terminations have now been rescinded, and the Department of Health and Human Services confirmed reinstatements are underway, though it remains unclear how many employees will return. CDC staffing remains significantly below pre-layoff levels.

Overdose deaths in the United States declined through most of 2025, marking the longest sustained drop in decades, though totals remain above pre‑pandemic levels. CDC data show a 21% reduction in deaths in the 12 months ending August 2025, with decreases in most states. Researchers cite multiple possible causes, including wider access to naloxone, expanded addiction treatment, changes in drug use, and the effects of opioid settlement funds. Additional theories propose that China’s regulatory actions reduced access to fentanyl precursor chemicals and that the end of COVID‑era stimulus payments contributed to declining overdoses. Experts caution that these explanations are partial and may interact with broader trends, while geopolitical tensions and future federal payments could influence outcomes.

U.S. flu indicators showed a slight decline, though officials warn the severe season may not have peaked as hospitalizations and deaths continue to rise. Most infections are linked to the H3N2 subclade K variant, which differs from the strain in current vaccines. The season is already surpassing last year’s severe levels. Federal officials announced they will stop recommending routine flu vaccination for children, prompting concerns from advocacy groups. Rising COVID-19 and RSV hospitalizations add to winter respiratory illness pressures.

Flu activity has surged across the United States, with 30 states now classified in the CDC’s highest tier for flu activity. The dominant A H3N2 strain, mostly a new K subclade differing from current vaccine formulations, has driven increased hospitalizations and contributed to nine pediatric deaths. Emergency department visits for children have already surpassed last season’s peak, and the CDC estimates at least 11 million illnesses, 120,000 hospitalizations, and 5,000 deaths so far. Experts warn the season may worsen as flu activity often peaks later in winter, and vaccination for everyone aged six months and older is advised.

Flu activity in the US has surged, with 30 states reaching the CDC’s highest tier for flu spread during the week of Christmas. The H3N2 strain, particularly a new subclade K variant not fully matched by current vaccines, is driving increased infections, hospitalizations, and concern among public health officials. More than 11 million illnesses and 5,000 deaths have been estimated so far this season, and pediatric emergency visits have already exceeded last year’s peak. The CDC advises anyone aged six months and older who has not received a flu shot to get vaccinated as cases continue to rise.

A no‑bid $1.6 million U.S. government contract was awarded to a Danish research team to conduct a hepatitis B vaccine study on newborns in Guinea-Bissau, bypassing standard CDC ethics review processes and prompting strong criticism from public health experts. The randomized trial will withhold the vaccine from some infants despite well-established evidence of its effectiveness, raising ethical concerns and comparisons to historical unethical studies. Researchers involved have faced past scrutiny, and several scientists questioned the influence of Robert F. Kennedy Jr. on the award. Critics warn the project could endanger infants and worsen vaccine hesitancy, while HHS asserts that ethical standards will be upheld.

National survey results show teen use of alcohol, nicotine, and marijuana remains at record lows, with most students reporting no recent substance use. Energy drink consumption remains high, and small but notable increases in heroin and cocaine use were recorded across grade levels, though levels remain far below historical peaks. Experts link broader declines in teen risk behaviors partly to increased online socialization. The federally funded Monitoring the Future survey, based on responses from about 24,000 students, continues to show no post-pandemic rebound in substance use, prompting researchers to highlight the need for close monitoring of rising hard‑drug indicators.

Flu, RSV and COVID-19 activity remains relatively low across most of the United States, though flu indicators are rising and a prevalent H3N2 variant does not match this year’s vaccine strain. RSV cases are expected to increase soon, but new vaccines and antibody treatments may be reducing severe illness. COVID-19 transmission is down from summer levels, with new CDC data showing strong vaccine protection for children, though overall vaccination rates remain low following reduced federal recommendations. Public health experts continue to emphasize the importance of immunization as winter virus season progresses.

Preliminary data show U.S. suicide deaths fell slightly in 2024 after reaching near‑record levels, with about 48,800 deaths and a rate of 13.7 per 100,000. Experts attribute trends to complex factors including mental health access, firearm availability, and differing age and regional patterns. Expanded screening programs in large health systems and the nationwide 988 crisis line may have contributed to the decline, though the removal of an LGBTQ+ youth support option raises concern among researchers. While stigma around seeking help has decreased, specialists caution that it is unclear whether the drop marks a lasting shift.

Doctors’ groups are resisting Trump administration efforts to alter long‑standing vaccine recommendations after an advisory panel moved to end routine newborn hepatitis B vaccination and questioned the childhood immunization schedule. Pediatricians and public health experts warn that the panel, shaped by Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., excluded scientific data and amplified vaccine‑skeptic views, undermining confidence in immunization guidance. Major medical organizations are issuing their own recommendations that maintain pre‑2025 standards while urging parents to rely on clinicians for evidence‑based advice.

A federal vaccine advisory committee led by Robert F. Kennedy Jr. voted to revise long-standing guidance that all U.S. newborns receive the hepatitis B vaccine at birth. The updated recommendation limits the birth dose to infants whose mothers are hepatitis B–positive or whose status is unknown, leaving the decision for other newborns to parents and physicians, with routine vaccination advised from two months. Medical groups warned the change could increase childhood infections. The CDC’s acting director will decide whether to adopt the new guidelines.

A vaccine advisory committee appointed by Robert F. Kennedy Jr. voted to end the longstanding U.S. recommendation that all newborns receive a hepatitis B vaccine at birth, limiting the immediate dose to infants whose mothers test positive or have unknown infection status. The change drew concern from medical groups warning of increased infection risk. The vote followed confusion among committee members after multiple revisions to proposal language, delaying the decision by a day. The CDC’s acting director will determine whether to adopt the recommendation, which could influence medical guidance, state vaccine policies, and insurance coverage.

A federal vaccine advisory committee led by Robert F. Kennedy Jr. reviewed whether all newborns should continue receiving the hepatitis B vaccine at birth, proposing limiting the recommendation to infants of hepatitis B–positive mothers. The committee, restructured by Kennedy and including several anti-vaccine figures, has recently issued guidance opposed by major medical groups, including discouraging COVID-19 vaccination and restricting other immunizations. The meeting featured presentations from individuals associated with retracted research and anti-vaccine organizations, with no CDC scientists included. While past guidance has sharply reduced hepatitis B infections in children, the revised proposal would allow parents to delay the initial vaccination until two months of age if they decline the birth dose.

Federal health officials appointed by Robert F. Kennedy Jr. are reconsidering long‑standing guidance that newborns receive the hepatitis B vaccine within 24 hours of birth, contradicting major medical groups that argue the shot is vital to preventing chronic infection and liver disease. Experts warn that delaying the dose could lead to increased pediatric infections and deaths, while the change could also create confusion and fuel misinformation. Several medical organizations, state leaders, and lawmakers, including Senator Patty Murray, oppose the proposed shift and are urging continued adherence to the established birth‑dose recommendation.

U.S. Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. replaced vaccine advisory committee chair Martin Kulldorff, who is leaving to become chief science officer at HHS. Kirk Milhoan, known for attributing cardiovascular issues to vaccines, was appointed as the new chair. The committee, reshaped earlier in the year to include several anti-vaccine voices, has issued controversial recommendations, including abandoning COVID-19 vaccine guidance and calling for changes to flu and combination vaccine practices. Medical groups criticized the panel for moving away from evidence-based standards. The committee will continue its work under Milhoan as it prepares to review pediatric and newborn vaccine schedules.

Flu activity in the United States remains low, but experts warn of a potentially severe season driven by a new H3N2 variant responsible for most current infections. Early analysis indicates vaccines offer partial protection, though concerns remain over low vaccination rates, which contributed to high hospitalizations and deaths last winter. Children account for most early cases, and officials urge timely vaccination as holiday travel approaches. Data gaps caused by a recent government shutdown and reduced federal promotion efforts have complicated tracking of respiratory illness trends. COVID‑19 vaccination rates continue to fall, while flu vaccination levels show mixed indicators, with adult rates slightly higher but pharmacy administration down compared to last year. Hospitalization rates for flu are similar to last year, while COVID‑19 and RSV hospitalizations remain lower so far.

A CDC vaccine safety webpage was altered to suggest the claim that vaccines do not cause autism lacks evidence, prompting strong objections from scientists and autism advocates who reaffirm decades of research showing no link. The change, made under HHS leadership, heightened concerns that political appointees are influencing scientific communication. Former CDC officials said the agency’s content can no longer be fully trusted, while HHS stated the update reflects a broader review of autism causes. Senator Bill Cassidy had previously been assured the original language would not be removed, and a note on the site indicates it remains due to that agreement.

A Washington State resident was confirmed to have an H5N5 bird flu infection, marking the first known human case of this strain. Health officials said the risk to the public is not greater than that posed by the more common H5N1 strain. The patient, an older adult with underlying conditions, remains hospitalized. Experts indicated the two viruses behave similarly, with differences limited to viral proteins affecting transmission. The individual’s exposure likely came from domestic or wild birds, and investigations continue. State and federal agencies report no increased public health risk.

Researchers reported what appears to be the first documented death from alpha-gal syndrome, a meat allergy linked to Lone Star tick bites, involving a 47-year-old New Jersey man who experienced delayed severe reactions after eating red meat. Experts noted the case highlights how the syndrome can escalate and remain undetected, with blood tests confirming the allergy. The growing number of cases is attributed to the expanding range of Lone Star ticks, increased exposure, and improved clinical awareness, prompting recommendations for testing in patients with unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms.

Two new approaches to counter malaria drug resistance show promising results. Novartis’ experimental treatment GanLum achieved cure rates above 97% and proved effective against partially resistant malaria strains in trials across 12 African countries. A separate study in Gabon demonstrated that a single-dose combination of four existing drugs can be as effective as current three‑day regimens, potentially improving treatment adherence. Experts note that some resistance to components of the single‑dose therapy already exists, limiting long‑term effectiveness. The advances come amid concerns that declining global funding will weaken monitoring and access to malaria prevention and treatment efforts.

Global tuberculosis diagnoses reached a record 8.3 million in 2024, reflecting improved screening after pandemic disruptions, while deaths fell slightly to 1.23 million. U.S. cases also rose to their highest level in over a decade, largely among people born abroad. Concerns persist that stagnant or reduced funding, including recent U.S. cuts, could undermine progress against one of the world’s leading causes of death.

A government shutdown has prevented most CDC experts from attending IDWeek, the nation’s largest infectious disease conference, despite rising threats such as measles, whooping cough and emerging pathogens. Longstanding restrictions on CDC communication, staffing cuts and administrative conflicts under the Trump administration further limited participation. Public health researchers expressed concern over the loss of scientific exchange, with some launching independent efforts to fill gaps left by curtailed CDC activities. HHS policies also restricted collaboration with certain medical organizations, complicating the sharing of critical findings, including COVID‑19 research on children.

Health officials in Long Beach and Los Angeles County are investigating two clade I mpox infections that may represent the first instances of local transmission in the United States. Neither patient had links to international travel, prompting concern about possible domestic spread, though officials say there is no evidence yet of ongoing community transmission. Both patients were hospitalized and are recovering at home, and some close contacts have been vaccinated. The cases arise as the CDC faces reduced capacity due to a federal shutdown and staff layoffs, potentially weakening national outbreak response. Experts note concern over the presence of the clade I variant, which has driven widespread transmission in parts of Africa but has not previously spread locally in the U.S.

The CDC adopted recommendations from a newly appointed advisory panel to stop universally recommending COVID‑19 vaccinations and instead leave decisions to individual patients, with emphasis on consulting healthcare providers, particularly for seniors. The shift follows actions by Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., who dismissed the previous advisory committee and questioned vaccine safety. Medical groups continue to support vaccinations for children, pregnant women, and others at higher risk, arguing that federal discussions overstate rare side effects. The agency also endorsed a recommendation for children under four to receive the varicella vaccine as a standalone dose rather than in a combined formulation due to lower risks of fever and seizures.

Sexually transmitted disease cases in U.S. adults declined in 2024, including significant drops in gonorrhea, chlamydia, and infectious syphilis, but congenital syphilis continued to rise, reaching nearly 4,000 cases. Health experts warn that infant infections remain a major concern, driven partly by low screening rates among pregnant women. Researchers attribute adult declines to changing sexual behavior and the increased use of doxycycline as a preventive treatment among certain high-risk groups.

Drug-resistant bacterial infections in the United States have surged, with cases involving the NDM gene rising by 460 percent between 2019 and 2023, according to CDC researchers. These bacteria resist nearly all antibiotics except two costly IV treatments, raising concerns about undetected carriers and potential community spread. Increased antibiotic use during the COVID-19 pandemic is considered a likely factor in the spike. Limited state testing suggests actual infection numbers are higher than reported, and previous CDC findings also noted growth in NDM cases, including in New York City.

CDC advisers delayed a decision on whether to change long‑standing hepatitis B vaccination guidance for newborns while adopting new limits on combined MMRV shots for young children. The panel next weighs recommendations for updated COVID‑19 vaccines following FDA restrictions that reserve shots for seniors and high‑risk individuals, raising concerns about access as infections rise. Medical groups and several states support broad availability, and major insurers plan to continue coverage through 2026.

A newly reconstituted federal vaccine advisory panel appointed by Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. is set to vote on revised recommendations for hepatitis B and MMRV vaccines, raising concerns among medical organizations that longstanding guidance could be weakened without new evidence. Critics warn the changes may undermine public confidence and hinder access to essential immunizations, particularly as the committee prepares to issue new COVID‑19 vaccine recommendations. Several states are adopting measures to preserve vaccine access in response to federal shifts, while physician groups continue to issue independent guidance that conflicts with recent federal decisions.