ميليسا هوغنبوم

GLP-1 weight-loss drugs such as tirzepatide may improve health and mobility, but there is no conclusive evidence that they enhance athletic performance. Their effects could vary by athlete: reduced body fat and improved metabolic health might help some competitors, while muscle loss, gastrointestinal side effects and appetite suppression could cause inadequate energy intake, slower recovery and poorer performance. WADA currently monitors GLP-1 drugs without banning them, although their use could raise fairness concerns in weight-class sports. The article also highlights ethical issues surrounding off-label use, easy online access and Serena Williams’s role promoting Ro, particularly amid concerns about conflicts of interest and pressure to pursue thinness.

Research in chrononutrition suggests that when people eat can affect metabolism and health, not just what they eat. Studies associate earlier lunches and dinners with greater weight loss, better carbohydrate processing, improved glucose control and potentially lower cardiovascular risk, while eating close to bedtime may worsen insulin response, increase hunger and promote fat storage. Individual chronotypes, sleep quality and genetic factors influence these effects. There is no universally ideal dinner time, but experts generally recommend eating the largest meals earlier in the day, choosing a lighter protein-rich dinner, and finishing it at least three hours before sleep.

Bone strength is built during childhood and early adulthood, while bone density gradually declines with age, increasing the risk of osteoporosis and fractures. A balanced diet containing calcium, vitamin D and protein—through dairy products, soy foods, canned fish, leafy greens, legumes, seeds and selected fruits—can support bone and muscle health. Evidence also suggests potential benefits from prunes and soy isoflavones, although research on chia seeds and soy foods remains limited. Vitamin D and calcium supplements should be targeted to people who cannot meet their needs through diet or who are at higher risk, since excessive supplementation can be harmful. Weight-bearing exercise, alongside a varied diet, is presented as a central strategy for preventing bone loss and falls.