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Pablo Hernández Mares is a distinguished freelance science journalist based in Guadalajara, Mexico, renowned for his extensive coverage of medical, environmental, and public policy issues in Latin America. With a specialization in creating multimedia content for science and technology, Mares has adeptly utilized his proficiency in audio and video editing to enhance his storytelling. His work spans a variety of critical topics, including cardiogenic shock, heart failure, primary prevention, metabolic disorders, and the impact of climate change on wildlife. Mares has reported on significant medical conferences, such as the Latin American Symposium on Cardiogenic Shock and Heart Failure by TecSalud, where he highlighted the launch of the National Cardiogenic Shock Initiative in Mexico. His articles often emphasize the importance of evidence-based medicine and multidisciplinary approaches in modern healthcare. He has also covered the challenges of managing hypertension and the under-recognition of heart failure in older women, advocating for improved diagnostic and treatment strategies. His reporting on statin intolerance and the nocebo effect underscores the need for balanced risk-benefit assessments in cardiovascular treatments. In the realm of metabolic health, Mares has highlighted the genetic and environmental factors contributing to obesity and related disorders among Mexicans, emphasizing the need for targeted research and interventions. Beyond medical journalism, Mares has delved into environmental and archaeological fields, reporting on the discovery of the largest collection of mammoth skeletons near Mexico City and the environmental challenges faced by Easter Island. His articles on sustainable maize cultivation and the conservation of jaguar populations in Mexico demonstrate his dedication to environmental preservation and wildlife conservation. Additionally, Mares has reported on the impact of climate change on Andean ecosystems and efforts to protect the Andean bear population in Bolivia. His work on hormone therapy for menopausal women and the importance of physical activity for diabetes patients highlights his focus on women's health and chronic disease management. Through his comprehensive and insightful journalism, Pablo Hernández Mares continues to inform and engage readers on the pressing health, environmental, and policy challenges facing Latin America.
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Investigative Journalism
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Climate Change
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Specialized approach and reevaluation are crucial in ultra-rare heart diseases
Dra. Brugada discusses the challenges of diagnosing and treating ultra-rare cardiac diseases, defined as those occurring in less than 1 in a million cases. She presents four real cases from the Pediatric Unit at Hospital San Juan de Dios in Barcelona, Spain, highlighting the complexities of genetic variants and the importance of specialized reevaluation. The cases include a sudden death in a young patient, fetal bradycardia, a disease caused by TANGO2 gene mutations, and issues related to LMNA gene mutations. The article emphasizes the need for expert genetic services in the team for reinterpretation of genetic variants as knowledge evolves.
Specialized Approach and Reassessment Are Crucial in Ultra-Rare Cardiac Diseases
Dr. Georgina Brugada Sarquella, leader of the Pediatric Arrhythmias Section at the European Network of Cardiology, emphasized the importance of recognizing and diagnosing ultra-rare cardiac diseases, which may only be seen once in a lifetime. She presented cases from the Pediatric Unit at San Juan de Dios Hospital in Barcelona, Spain, highlighting the challenges in diagnosing and treating these conditions. Dr. Brugada discussed the genetic aspects of these diseases, the need for reevaluation of genetic variants, and the impact of treatments such as subcutaneous Holters and pacemakers. She also mentioned a case involving TANGO2 gene mutations and the beneficial effects of vitamin B3 and B5 in certain metabolic diseases. Lastly, she addressed cases associated with LMNA gene mutations, which affect the inner membrane of the nucleus and can lead to neuromuscular issues, emphasizing the rarity and severity of congenital forms of LMNA.
Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy in Cardiology Consultation?
Cardiac amyloidosis is an infiltrative disease caused by the accumulation of misfolded proteins, primarily affecting the heart and peripheral nervous system. Dr. Enrique Alexander Berrios Bárcenas discussed the hereditary and non-hereditary forms of transthyretin amyloidosis, highlighting its clinical presentation and diagnostic challenges. He emphasized the importance of early diagnosis and the role of various diagnostic tools, including histopathological evaluations, MRI, and scintigraphy. The article also underscores the need for high suspicion and updated knowledge for better patient outcomes. Dr. Berrios disclosed his affiliations with several pharmaceutical companies.
Hurricane Otis affected health services in Acapulco, Guerrero
Hurricane Otis, a category 5 storm, struck Acapulco, Guerrero on October 25, 2023, severely damaging health and communication infrastructure. The Public Health Incident Management System activated various federal health agencies to respond, deploying ambulances, medical professionals, and mobile hospital units. By October 31, over 1,000 health professionals from federal institutions, including 35 Cuban doctors, arrived in Acapulco. A second medical brigade was dispatched on November 2. Local health centers reopened and were restocked with medicines. The federal health department launched mental health support strategies, and measures were taken to ensure the supply of antiretroviral medications. Dr. Jason Antonio Frasco Carrera highlighted the dire health conditions, especially for children under five, and called for continuous aid.
Prevalence of Statin Intolerance Is Approximately 9%
Statin intolerance, defined by the FDA as the inability to tolerate at least two statins at the lowest approved doses due to musculoskeletal symptoms, affects approximately 9% of statin-treated patients. Risk factors include female sex, obesity, hypothyroidism, diabetes, and use of certain medications. Studies have shown that the nocebo effect may contribute to perceived intolerance. Practical recommendations for diagnosing and managing statin intolerance include measuring creatine phosphokinase levels and assessing the necessity of the drug. Patients should be educated on the low risk of serious events from statins compared to the higher risk of not taking them, especially in those with coronary disease.
The most common complications associated with obesity are metabolic
Dr. Samuel Klein, a leading expert in clinical nutrition, highlighted the significant genetic and environmental factors contributing to metabolic disorders among Mexicans, particularly those with obesity. He emphasized the high prevalence of metabolic complications such as fatty liver disease, cardiovascular diseases, and type 2 diabetes among obese individuals. Klein also discussed the potential benefits of weight loss in improving metabolic health and the importance of understanding the mechanisms behind 'metabolically healthy obesity.' The article underscores the critical need for targeted research and interventions to address these health challenges.
Climacteric: Immediate Benefits of Hormone Therapy Outweigh Risks for Symptomatic Patients
Dr. Margaret E. Wierman discussed the benefits and risks of hormone therapy for menopausal women, highlighting that only 10% of symptomatic women undergo such treatment. She reviewed historical and recent studies, noting that hormone therapy can alleviate menopausal symptoms and prevent osteoporosis but has unclear effects on mood, cognition, and cardiovascular disease. Large studies have shown mixed results, with some indicating increased risks of breast cancer and stroke but reduced risks of colon cancer and hip fractures. The presentation emphasized the need for more research on alternative treatments and the molecular profiles of women at risk of thrombosis.
Differences in Diabetes Manifestations According to Sex
Diabetes manifests differently in men and women, with women facing higher risks of complications and poorer quality of life due to socio-economic factors and biological differences. Dr. Irma Luisa Ceja-Martínez highlights that women have unique risk factors such as gestational diabetes and hormonal imbalances, and they often receive less effective treatment. Socioeconomic status, lifestyle habits, and psychosocial stress also contribute to these disparities. The article emphasizes the need for gender-specific guidelines in diabetes management.
9% of patients may be intolerant to statins, according to a large meta-analysis
A recent meta-analysis involving 176 studies and over 4 million patients found that approximately 9% of patients treated with statins experience intolerance. Factors such as female sex, obesity, hypothyroidism, diabetes, and high-dose statin use were identified as risk factors. The study also highlighted the nocebo effect and the importance of evaluating the necessity of statin use in patients with confirmed intolerance. Practical recommendations include measuring creatine phosphokinase levels and assessing the certainty of symptom causality. The article emphasizes the need to balance the perceived risks of statin use with the actual benefits, particularly in patients with coronary artery disease.
Primary prevention is the great effect to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality
Dr. Vivencio Barrios emphasized the importance of primary prevention in reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, particularly through managing hypertension. He highlighted the significance of controlling blood pressure to prevent conditions like heart failure and stroke. Despite advancements in the early 21st century, recent trends show a decline in effective blood pressure management, partly due to overly cautious guidelines. Dr. Barrios advocates for combined therapy to improve outcomes and discusses the role of new medications like sacubitril-valsartán. He also notes the under-recognition of heart failure in older women and the need for better diagnostic and treatment strategies.
Hyperandrogenism affects 9% to 12% of women of reproductive age
Hyperandrogenism, affecting 9% to 12% of women of reproductive age, is characterized by excess male hormones leading to symptoms like hirsutism, acne, and alopecia. Dr. Jean-Patrice Baillargeon from the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke discussed its causes, diagnosis, and treatment at a recent conference. He emphasized the importance of lifestyle changes and the need to consider ethnic variations in clinical assessments. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), often linked with hyperandrogenism, poses significant long-term metabolic risks, including type 2 diabetes. Early diagnosis and intervention can improve quality of life and reduce long-term health risks.
The Multidisciplinary Team Is Key in Treating Diabetic Foot
Medical, surgical, vascular, and rehabilitation/prevention teams are essential in treating diabetic foot to reduce the risk of amputation and mortality. Giacomo Clerici, MD, emphasized the need for a multidisciplinary approach at the Annual Congress of International Cardiology (CADECI) 2023. The approach has led to a significant reduction in amputation rates in Italy. Daphne González, MD, highlighted the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment, especially in Mexico, where diabetic foot is prevalent. New technologies and treatments offer hope for better outcomes.
Launch of National Cardiogenic Shock Initiative in Mexico
The first Latin American Symposium on Cardiogenic Shock and Heart Failure by TecSalud featured national and international experts discussing advancements and innovative approaches in treatment. The event marked the launch of the National Cardiogenic Shock Initiative in Mexico, aiming to standardize treatments and reduce mortality through the use of algorithms, devices, and pharmacological treatments. Collaboration with IMSS and the National Institute of Cardiology led to the proposal of the first National Cardiogenic Shock Registry. The initiative draws inspiration from successful practices in the U.S., particularly the Detroit Shock Initiative, and emphasizes the importance of teamwork and evidence-based medicine in modern healthcare.
Somatic Reprogramming May Create Biological Pacemakers
At the Annual Congress of International Cardiology CADECI 2023 in Mexico, Dr. Eugenio Cingolani discussed somatic reprogramming to transform normal heart cells into pacemaker cells, a strategy that could overcome limitations and complications associated with traditional electronic pacemakers. The research, which has progressed from small animal studies to experiments with pigs, involves the gene TBX18, known for its role in generating the sinoatrial node during embryonic life. The successful reprogramming in pigs resulted in a higher heart rate and reduced reliance on electronic pacemakers. Future steps towards human studies include developing a clinical grade viral vector, conducting toxicology and biodistribution studies, and obtaining FDA approval.
A mammoth find near Mexico City
Scientists have discovered the largest collection of mammoth skeletons in one place outside Mexico City, with over 200 individuals identified. The remains, dating from 20,000 to 10,000 years ago, were found during the development of a new airport at the Santa Lucía Air Force Base. The discovery surpasses previous finds in California, South Dakota, and Siberia. The site offers insights into the ancient Valley of Mexico and the interaction between humans and mammoths. A museum near the new airport is planned to showcase the mammoth collection.
A discovery of mammoths near Mexico City
A team of scientists has discovered the largest number of mammoth skeletons found in a single location to date, on the outskirts of Mexico City. Over 200 individual mammoths have been identified, with more expected to be found. The discovery, made during the construction of a new airport, surpasses previous records in California, South Dakota, and Siberia. The remains, dating from 20,000 to 10,000 years ago, provide insights into the presence of mammoths in the region and their interactions with humans. The findings are significant for understanding the ancient Valley of Mexico and the development of megafauna. The team aims to recover all available skeletons and establish a museum dedicated to the collection near the new airport.
Largest Assembly of Mammoth Bones Uncovered
A team of scientists has discovered the largest collection of mammoth skeletons to date, with over 200 individual mammoths found near Mexico City. The researchers believe there are still more skeletons to uncover.
A Mammoth Find Near Mexico City
A team of scientists has discovered the largest collection of mammoth skeletons to date near Mexico City, with over 200 individual mammoths identified. The discovery, made during the development of a new airport, is significant for understanding the interaction between humans and mammoths in the region. The findings, which include over 8,000 bones from various megafauna, are expected to contribute to paleontology and Ice Age archaeology. Plans are underway to open a museum dedicated to the mammoth collection near the new airport.
The "Infinite Scuba" project allows ocean exploration through virtual reality.
Interview with NASA Administrator, Charles Bolden
Climate change and the Andean bear: Conservation efforts in the face of environmental stress
The article discusses the impact of climate change on Andean ecosystems, particularly on the Andean bear population. Local governments in Bolivia are considering designating bear habitats as protected areas. Ximena Velez-Liendo, an Andean bear specialist, is leading a population-based study in Tarija, Bolivia, with funding from Chester Zoo and support from Oxford University’s WildCRU unit and Bolivian NGO PROMETA. The study aims to mitigate conflicts between communities and large carnivores by using camera traps and DNA technology to estimate bear populations. The Andean bear, listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, faces threats from habitat competition with other species and human-wildlife conflict. The research also explores the interactions between protected areas, indigenous communities, and wildlife. Conservation efforts include potential municipal protected areas and mitigation practices like electric fences. The article highlights the challenges of conservation in the Bolivian Andes, where funding is scarce compared to the Amazon region.
Plastic pollution on the island exceeds permissible levels for sustainable management.
The article discusses the environmental challenges faced by Easter Island, including plastic pollution and the decline of offshore tuna stocks due to industrial fishing. Local Rapa Nui fishers, who practice artisanal fishing, are contrasted with large industrial vessels that fish illegally. The Pew Charitable Trusts' Global Ocean Legacy program has developed technology to identify and combat illegal fishing. The creation of the Motu Hiva Motiro Marine Park by the Chilean government in 2010 is criticized for lacking a management plan and not consulting the Rapa Nui community. In response, the community has proposed an alternative conservation plan that aligns with their cultural worldview. The article also touches on the broader issue of marine protection and the upcoming 4th International Marine Protected Areas Congress (IMPAC4) in Chile. Despite the challenges, there is hope for a more sustainable future for Easter Island and its indigenous community.
Jaguar trafficking continues in Mexico despite various conservation efforts
Jaguar populations in Mexico have been declining since the 1950s due to legalized hunting and habitat loss. Despite conservation efforts, illegal hunting and trafficking of jaguar skins persist. Mexico, which has conducted a census estimating 4,000 jaguars in the wild, faces challenges in enforcing wildlife protection laws. Experts from organizations like UNAM and Alianza Jaguar A.C. are involved in monitoring and conservation strategies, including the use of GPS collars. The government has implemented committees for environmental surveillance, but issues such as lax legislation and illegal online wildlife trade complicate the situation. Conservationists are calling for improved legislation and strategies to protect jaguars and their habitats.
A mangrove forest in Cancun that was home to many crocodiles, boas, eagles, herons, frogs, squirrels and iguanas is destroyed
The article reports on the controversial clearing of the Tajamar mangrove in Cancun, Mexico, for a multi-use development project. Despite having the necessary licenses since 2005, Fonatur, the organization in charge, is accused of providing false information and not rescuing the flora and fauna as required by law. The clearing began without relocating endangered species like the white mangrove. Greenpeace and local environmentalists, including Aracely Dominguez of GEMA, have condemned the destruction, highlighting the contradiction with Mexico's environmental protection stance at international forums like COP21. The mangroves are crucial for carbon capture and as natural barriers against hurricanes. The construction is temporarily halted, but the damage to the ecosystem is already evident.
A mangrove forest in Cancun that was home to many crocodiles, boas, eagles, herons, frogs, squirrels and iguanas is destroyed
The Tajamar mangrove in Cancun, home to diverse wildlife, was destroyed to make way for a large real estate project, including a basilica, shopping malls, offices, and homes. Environmentalists, including Aracely Dominguez and Miguel Ángel Rivas from Greenpeace Mexico, condemned the destruction, accusing the National Trust Fund for Tourism Development (Fonatur) of providing false information and failing to rescue flora and fauna. The project, approved by Quintana Roo State governor Roberto Borge, has faced significant backlash for contradicting Mexico's environmental protection policies. The destruction highlights broader issues of deforestation and environmental degradation in Mexico.
The Symbiosis of Forests and Corn in Mexico
In Western Mexico, sustainable maize cultivation within forested areas, known as agroforestry, is practiced to conserve both maize and the forests. The FAO reports that 50% of soils in Latin America and the Caribbean are nutrient-deficient, often due to deforestation for agriculture. Farmers like Felipe Iñiguez Pérez and Ezequiel Macías, along with academic Jaime Morales from ITESO, advocate for the use of native maize varieties and oppose the threat posed by hybrid seeds from companies like Monsanto. The SEMARNAT, through CONANP and the RBSM, has initiated the PROMAC program to protect maize genetic diversity and forests. The practice of non-invasive cultivation among native trees, such as 'coamiles', is contrasted with the destructive nature of industrial agriculture. The Mexican law on Biosecurity of Genetically Modified Organisms aims to prevent genetic contamination of native maize. The article highlights the shared efforts of farmers to preserve traditional maize varieties and the environmental and economic benefits of transitioning to agroecology.
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