The Ganges Water Treaty between India and Bangladesh is due to expire in December 2026 amid political strain, climate pressures and rising demand for water. The treaty has helped stabilise relations, but the article argues that negotiations must look beyond allocation to the river basin’s ecological resilience. Reduced dry-season flows, pollution, altered flooding and sediment disruption are worsening salinity, threatening agriculture, fisheries, wetlands, biodiversity and the Sundarbans. The Farakka Barrage is linked to upstream sediment build-up and flood risk, downstream sediment loss, and barriers to fish migration. Research on a proposed “safe operating space” found that four of ten rivers in the Bangladesh Delta exceeded ecological limits, with the others under caution. The author urges India and Bangladesh to use scientific evidence, coordinate across sectors and protect healthy river flows as part of treaty renewal.

South Asia’s shared rivers face growing pressure from climate change, rising water demand, pollution and upstream infrastructure. With the 1996 Ganges Water Treaty due to expire in December 2026, India and Bangladesh have an opportunity to update water-sharing arrangements to account for ecological limits, changing flows and climate risks. Reduced dry-season flows and rising salinity threaten agriculture, fisheries, ecosystems and coastal areas, while infrastructure such as the Farakka barrage and China’s planned Brahmaputra mega-dam heighten cross-border concerns. Greater transparency, real-time monitoring and science-based cooperation could strengthen resilience and help keep shared rivers from becoming sources of regional tension.

Four of Bangladesh’s major rivers, including the Ganges and Old Brahmaputra, are flowing below levels needed to sustain ecological and human systems, placing food security, fisheries and the Sundarbans mangrove forest at risk. Upstream water extraction, hydropower dams and climate-driven pressures are degrading river health, increasing salinity and threatening biodiversity such as hilsha fish and freshwater dolphins. Existing treaties, including the India-Bangladesh Ganges agreement, have proven insufficient. Sustainable management will require stronger transboundary cooperation among countries across the Himalayan basin, along with tax-based water-sharing frameworks, ecological restoration and long-term climate resilience measures to keep river systems within their safe operating space.

Four major rivers in the Bangladesh delta—Ganges, Old Brahmaputra, Gorai and Halda—have fallen below their safe operating space, jeopardizing water security, food production, fisheries and the world’s largest mangrove forest. Urban expansion, agricultural water demand, climate change and upstream hydropower and irrigation projects are intensifying the strain. Reduced flows, particularly linked to upstream extraction and the Farakka barrage in India, have increased salinity, harmed fisheries and threatened key ecosystems. Existing political agreements such as the 1996 Ganges treaty have proven insufficient. Addressing the crisis will require transboundary cooperation involving multiple countries, fair water-sharing frameworks, ecological restoration and climate resilience measures. Securing sustainable river flows is essential to protecting livelihoods and regional environmental stability.

Four major rivers in Bangladesh, including the Ganges and Old Brahmaputra, no longer meet minimum water flow requirements needed to support ecosystems and livelihoods, while six others are nearing critical thresholds due to upstream water extraction, hydropower development and expanding irrigation. Declining flows and rising salinity are harming fisheries, agriculture and the world’s largest mangrove forest, threatening regional climate stability and biodiversity. Existing political agreements, such as the 1996 Ganges water-sharing treaty, have proved insufficient as upstream extraction continues to strain the system. Transboundary cooperation, fair water-sharing mechanisms and ecosystem restoration are identified as essential to maintaining resilience and securing sustainable water resources for nearly 700 million people dependent on the river systems.

In NestJS applications, global route prefixes and versioning are commonly used, but there are scenarios where certain endpoints, like a payment gateway callback, need to be excluded from these constraints. The article provides a solution to expose routes without the global prefix by excluding the route from the global prefix and marking it as version-neutral. This allows specific routes to be accessed directly while maintaining the versioning for other routes.

The useBlocker hook in React Router is highlighted as a valuable tool for preventing accidental data loss during navigation transitions, enhancing user experience. Although deprecated in recent versions, similar functionality can be achieved using JavaScript's window object and the beforeunload event listener. This approach ensures seamless and intuitive web experiences, prioritizing user satisfaction and data integrity.

The article discusses the benefits of using TypeScript for handling form submissions in React or Next.js applications. It emphasizes the ease and elegance of TypeScript in extracting form field values, enhancing developer experience, and ensuring type safety. The author provides code examples to demonstrate the simplicity and efficiency of this approach.

MD Sarwar Hossain addresses various social and political issues in Bangladesh, including the generational gap in respect and understanding, the need to capitalize on the population dividend, language sensitivity, the dangers of self-diagnosing medical conditions online, construction worker safety, political challenges and expectations for the upcoming election, the importance of social history in understanding the liberation war, the evolving definition of intellectuals, and changing reading habits among the youth.

The article critiques the use of terms like 'Third World' and 'Developed Nation', suggesting they are derogatory and ethnocentric. It discusses the emergence of the terms 'Global South' and 'Global North', originally coined by Carl Oglesby in 1969, as politically neutral alternatives. The 'Global South' includes Asia, Africa, Latin America, and Oceania, regions that are developing economically and politically. The article highlights China's growing influence in the Global South, particularly through the Belt and Road Initiative. It also touches on the historical colonial exploitation of the Global South and the ongoing geopolitical interests of Western countries in these regions. The author argues that as long as there is an imbalance of power, money, knowledge, and technology, terms like 'Global North' and 'Global South' will remain relevant. The piece concludes by emphasizing the need for a shared approach to building a better world, especially in the face of climate change and religious terrorism.