The article discusses the development of trace Pd modified intermetallic PtBi nanoplates for efficient formic acid electrocatalysis, highlighting the synthesis process, structural characterization, and performance evaluation of the nanoplates. The research demonstrates significant advancements in electrocatalytic activity and stability, contributing to the field of materials science and nanotechnology.

The article discusses the development of high-performance Fe–Nx/C electrocatalysts induced by micropores for the oxygen reduction reaction. It highlights the synthesis process, structural characteristics, and performance metrics of the electrocatalysts, emphasizing their potential applications in energy conversion technologies.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the accuracy of fiber-optic Raman spectroscopy (RS) in diagnosing head and neck carcinomas in vivo. Ten studies involving 877 patients and 5365 Raman spectra were analyzed, showing high sensitivity and specificity for RS. The analysis highlights RS's potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool, particularly in distinguishing cancerous from normal tissues. Despite some limitations, such as high heterogeneity and limited sample size, the study underscores the promising clinical application of RS, especially in regions with high incidences of head and neck cancer like Asia.

The article discusses the synthesis of α-branched amines through radical coupling involving 2-azaallyl anions, redox-active esters, and alkenes. It presents detailed chemical processes and methodologies, contributing to the field of organic synthesis.

Hemophilia, a rare X chromosome-linked bleeding disorder, affects over 65,000 patients in China. The country has made significant strides in hemophilia care over the past 40 years, establishing a collaborative network of treatment centers and continually updating treatment guidelines. A national survey conducted in 2021 revealed that children with hemophilia in China generally receive earlier diagnosis and treatment compared to adults, leading to better clinical outcomes and higher health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Despite these advancements, there is still a need to improve the health status and social adaptation of hemophilia patients, particularly adults. The study emphasizes the importance of timely and prophylactic treatment and highlights the necessity of increasing equity and social support for hemophilia patients in China.

Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside mitigates the toxicity and accumulation of nanopolystyrene by influencing mitochondrial energy metabolism and cellular efflux mechanisms.

The study identifies ABSI%, inhalation injury, albumin, and lactic acid as risk factors for prolonged mechanical ventilation in severe burn patients. It highlights that ventilator-related complications and mortality are higher in patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation. The study suggests that early intervention in optimizing albumin and lactate levels could reduce complications. Limitations include the single-center retrospective nature and insufficient sample size, recommending a multicenter prospective cohort study for more comprehensive data.

The antihyperglycemic effect of the anthocyanin cyanidin-3-O-glucoside is mediated through the regulation of GLUT-1 via the Wnt/β-catenin-WISP1 signaling pathway, as detailed in a study published in Food & Function. The research, authored by X. Ye, W. Chen, P. Tu, R. Jia, Y. Liu, Q. Tang, C. Chen, C. Yang, X. Zheng, and Q. Chu, provides insights into the biochemical mechanisms underlying the potential therapeutic benefits of this compound for diabetes management.

Mn mixed oxide catalysts supported on Sn-doped CoAl-LDO are investigated for their effectiveness in low-temperature NH3-SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx with NH3). The study, authored by H. Wang, W. Chen, W. Jin, and Y. Liu, is published in Catalysis Science & Technology in 2023.

The article discusses the importance of integrated multicomponent interventions to support healthy aging, emphasizing the role of the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) in promoting rigorous research on these interventions. It highlights the challenges and benefits of combining lifestyle modifications with conventional and complementary therapies to promote whole-person health. The text underscores the need for long-term studies to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-efficiency of these interventions, advocating for a holistic approach that addresses biological, psychological, social, and environmental factors impacting health across the lifespan.

The study investigates how a crystalline solid retains the memory of anisotropy from its precursor liquid crystalline phase. The research, conducted by a team of scientists, provides insights into the structural properties and behavior of materials during phase transitions.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is linked to oxidative stress, leading to adverse health outcomes. The study investigates the antioxidant effects of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) on oxidative stress in pancreatic islets under hyperglycemic conditions. C3G effectively relieved oxidative stress in the islet cell line NIT-1 by activating mitophagy via the PINK1-PARKIN signaling pathway. Further studies on diabetic db/db mice confirmed that C3G supplementation alleviated oxidative stress in pancreatic islets, demonstrated by reduced reactive oxygen species and improved activities of antioxidant enzymes. The findings suggest C3G's potential in improving the health of diabetic patients.

Food-derived cyanidin-3-O-glucoside has been found to reverse microplastic toxicity in mice by promoting the discharge of microplastics and modulating the gut microbiota. This study highlights the potential of natural compounds in mitigating the adverse effects of environmental pollutants on health.

The article explores the protective role of bayberry extract, focusing on its associations with gut microbiota modulation and key metabolites. It highlights the potential health benefits and scientific findings related to the use of bayberry extract.

The article discusses the development of a pH-universal oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst featuring single-atom iron sites derived from a double-layer metal-organic framework (MOF). This catalyst is designed to enhance the performance of flexible quasi-solid-state rechargeable zinc-air batteries, offering superior energy storage capabilities.

The article explores advancements in battery monitoring technology, emphasizing the use of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) for enhanced performance and reliability. It discusses the challenges of real-time and accurate battery health assessment, highlighting the limitations of traditional methods and the potential of FBG sensors. The study covers various aspects of FBG sensing, including temperature, strain, pressure, and refractive index measurements, and addresses obstacles such as standardizing the FBG encapsulation process and controlling costs. The research underscores the importance of FBG technology in driving advancements in battery development and ensuring safety and reliability in energy storage systems.

The study investigates the impact of the boreal winter North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) on the development of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) under a warming climate. Using EOF analysis and CMIP6 models, the research finds that the connection between winter NPO and the following winter ENSO strengthens in a future climate scenario. The study highlights an increase in the frequency of NPO events followed by ENSO events, with a significant rise in the occurrence of strong El Niño and La Niña events. Enhanced WES feedback and higher background mean SST are identified as key factors contributing to this strengthened impact. The findings are supported by large ensemble experiments from MPI-ESM and CanESM2 models, confirming an increased influence of winter NPO on ENSO in a warming climate.

ConGraph is a novel method for detecting advanced persistent threats (APTs) in cyber-physical systems (CPS) by combining provenance graphs with process context information. The method addresses limitations in existing provenance-based APT detection systems by incorporating file access behavior, network access behavior, and interactive relationship features of processes. ConGraph uses a CNN-BiLSTM model to improve detection performance, achieving significant improvements in precision, recall, and F1 score compared to state-of-the-art models. The study highlights the importance of process context in enhancing the semantic richness of provenance graphs and improving APT detection accuracy.

A population of Asia minor bluegrass (Polypogon fugax) in China has developed resistance to multiple acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors due to an Asp-2078-Gly mutation. This mutation was found in 93.75% of the resistant population, indicating a strong correlation with herbicide resistance. The study highlights the need for diverse weed management practices to prevent further resistance development. The research also developed a new method for detecting this mutation efficiently.

The article evaluates the competitiveness of new energy vehicle enterprises (NEVEs) in Henan Province, China, using a group decision model with interval multiplicative preference relations (IMPRs). It constructs a competitiveness evaluation index system and proposes new consistency definitions and improvement methods for IMPRs. The study finds that the degree of specialization significantly impacts NEVE competitiveness, and provides suggestions for enhancing competitiveness based on expert evaluations. The research highlights the importance of innovation, operations management, and business performance in determining enterprise competitiveness.

The study focuses on predicting the remaining time before the next earthquake using seismic signals generated in a laboratory setting. It employs mel spectrogram and mel frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) for feature extraction and proposes a deep learning model combining LSTM, 1D-CNN, and 2D-CNN. A stacking model fusion strategy is used, combining gradient boosting trees with deep learning models, resulting in significant improvements in predictive performance. The research highlights the advantages of combining 1D-CNN and 2D-CNN for handling time-series problems and aims to contribute to improved earthquake prediction models to mitigate societal and economic impacts.

The study investigates the conformational dynamics and ligand binding mechanisms of the human voltage-gated proton channel. It provides detailed insights into the structural changes and interactions that occur during the channel's operation, contributing to a deeper understanding of its function and potential therapeutic targets.

The study explores the structural, mechanical, electronic, and optical properties of vacancy-ordered double perovskites A2Sn1−xTixY6 (A = K, Rb, Cs; Y = Cl, Br, I) using density functional theory. The research confirms the structural and thermodynamic stability of these materials, highlighting their potential for photovoltaic applications. The optimal concentration of Ti ions and the most suitable halide element are identified, showing maximum optical absorption in visible and ultraviolet ranges. The findings suggest that A2Sn1−xTixY6 compounds are promising candidates for stable and toxic-free perovskite solar cells.

The study identifies 43 potential interacting proteins of Tnfaip1 in zebrafish embryos using a yeast two-hybrid system. Functional annotation and KEGG pathway analysis reveal these proteins are involved in translation, protein catabolic processes, ribosome assembly, cytoskeleton formation, amino acid metabolism, and the PPAR signaling pathway. The findings enhance understanding of Tnfaip1's role in early embryonic development and provide a molecular foundation for future research.

China has made significant strides in using health technology assessment (HTA) for drug reimbursement decisions, aiming to improve the quality of evidence, strengthen capacity, and enhance transparency. The two-stage HTA appraisal process has evolved to ensure cost-effectiveness and budget impact analyses are integral to decision-making. Despite progress, challenges remain, including poor study designs, lack of local data, and limited transparency. Recommendations include improving HTA evidence quality, strengthening appraisal capacity, formulating explicit guidelines, and enhancing transparency. The article highlights China's pragmatic approach to HTA, which could serve as a model for other countries.

The study investigates the impact of regional carbon efficiency on corporate cash holdings in China. It finds that higher regional carbon efficiency reduces corporate cash holdings by improving debt financing capabilities and encouraging long-term investments. The research highlights the economic consequences of climate change and regional carbon efficiency, contributing to the literature on corporate finance and environmental policy. The study uses a two-way fixed effects model and robustness tests to validate its findings, emphasizing the importance of regional carbon efficiency in balancing economic development and carbon emissions reduction.

Gliomas, accounting for 75% of primary brain tumors in adults, have a poor prognosis with conventional therapies. This study identifies CACNG3, a gene from the voltage-gated calcium channel gamma subunit family, as a potential prognostic biomarker for gliomas. Analysis of gene expression data from CGGA and TCGA datasets revealed that higher CACNG3 expression correlates with better overall survival and lower glioma grades. CACNG3 expression is also associated with IDH1 mutation and 1p/19q codeletion status, indicating a better prognosis. Functional analysis suggests that CACNG3 may inhibit glioma progression by modulating synaptic transmission and ion channel activity. Temozolomide treatment increases CACNG3 expression, further supporting its potential role in glioma therapy. The study concludes that CACNG3 could serve as a novel target for glioma diagnosis and treatment.

Density functional theory was used to investigate the electronic properties, carrier surface mobility, and theoretical photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of passivating molecules with varying fluorine content at the symmetric site of the benzene ring on different termination ends of MAPbI3. The study found that the same molecule acts differently as a passivation agent depending on the termination face. Molecules with stronger dipole moments narrow the band gap and lower exciton binding energy, enhancing electron-hole separation and increasing visible light absorption. Theoretical PCE improved from 15.8% to 16.16%, but excessive passivation molecules decreased PCE from 15.93% to 14.75%.

Robinia pseudoacacia ‘Hongsen’ is a drought- and barren-resistant tree species with significant ecological benefits in China. This study investigates the endophytic bacteria of R. pseudoacacia ‘Hongsen’ using high-throughput sequencing to analyze bacterial diversity, abundance, structure, and composition in various plant compartments. The research identifies 210 endophytic bacterial strains, predominantly from the roots and nodules, with significant potential for agricultural applications due to their diverse biological functions, including nutrient solubilization and enzyme production. The study highlights the importance of endophytes in plant growth and stress resistance, suggesting their future use as biofertilizers and biocontrol agents.

The study analyzes the impact of various environmental variables on the urban microclimate of industrial areas in Sintra, Portugal, and Uberlândia, Brazil. Using ENVI-met software for computational simulations, the research examines factors such as land surface temperature, air temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction, sky view factor, and albedo. The findings reveal that despite lower albedo, vegetation, and wind speed in Uberlândia, the air temperature inside the industrial area can be lower than in the unshaded surroundings. In Sintra, a difference in wind speed caused a peak in air temperature within the industrial environment.

Researchers from Nanjing University have developed a bi-chiral nanostructure featuring dynamic optical rotatory dispersion, utilizing opposite-handed cholesteric liquid crystals. This innovative structure enables hybrid multiplexed and color-tunable holography, advancing the field of soft chiral nanostructures and multifunctional light harnessing.

The phytomicrobiome plays a crucial role in soil and ecosystem health, offering potential benefits for plant disease suppression and management in agriculture, forestry, and landscaping. Agronomic practices such as minimum tillage, crop rotation, and organic mulching can promote soil health and enhance disease suppressiveness. However, challenges like the lack of standardized methods for microbiome analysis and the difficulty in translating research findings into practical applications persist. Climate change further complicates disease management by affecting the distribution, abundance, and virulence of plant pathogens and altering phytomicrobiome functioning. This review highlights the importance of understanding the interactions between plants, pathogens, and the phytomicrobiome to develop effective disease management strategies.

A new scheme is proposed for high-fidelity secured free-space optical information transmission through dynamic and turbulent media by encoding 2D information carriers. The method involves transforming data into 2D patterns, using a novel differential method to suppress noise, and generating random keys. Experimental results show that the plaintext can be retrieved only with the correct security keys, demonstrating the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.

The study addresses ecological challenges in the Tarim River Basin (TRB) due to soil salinization, climate change, and human activities. It introduces the Remote Sensing Ecological Index with Salinity Adaptability (RSEISI) to assess eco-environmental quality (EEQ) by integrating the comprehensive salinity index (CSI) into the remote-sensing ecological index (RSEI). The RSEISI effectively monitors EEQ, showing trends of oasis expansion, desert deterioration, and glacier melting. Key factors affecting EEQ include soil type, land use, precipitation, and temperature. The study highlights the need for innovative ecological management and green development models in arid regions.

China has made significant strides in social and economic development, aiming for universal health coverage by providing financial risk protection, access to essential health services, and affordable medicines for its 1.4 billion population. Health technology assessment (HTA) has become a crucial tool in healthcare decision-making since its introduction in the 1990s. The article reviews the development and current status of HTA in China, identifies challenges and opportunities, and discusses ways to strengthen HTA to ensure a high-quality healthcare system. The work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.

The study investigates the role of TNFAIP1 in early zebrafish development using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout. TNFAIP1, initially identified in human endothelial cells, is linked to tumor development and neurological disorders. The research reveals that TNFAIP1 is highly expressed during early zebrafish embryonic development, particularly in anterior structures. Knockout of TNFAIP1 results in developmental delays, microcephaly, and microphthalmia, with decreased expression of neuronal marker genes. Transcriptome analysis shows altered expression of genes related to embryonic development, suggesting TNFAIP1's crucial role in early development.

The study employs the Single Empirical Orthogonal Function Regression (sEOF-R) method to reconstruct sound speed profiles (SSPs) in three typical sea areas: the equator, Kuroshio Extension (KE), and Northeast Pacific. The research establishes regression relationships between surface parameters and sound speed anomaly profiles (SSAPs) to reconstruct underwater SSPs. Results indicate the best reconstruction performance in the Northeast Pacific, followed by the equator, and the least in KE. The study highlights the dominant role of local sea level anomaly (SLA) and sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) in influencing reconstruction accuracy. The sEOF-R method shows limitations in time-varying and space-varying areas, suggesting future improvements by incorporating underwater historical parameters and specific oceanic process models.

The study reveals a significant increase in the impact of the March Aleutian Low (AL) on the subsequent winter ENSO events, particularly the Central Pacific (CP) type, since the late-1990s. This enhanced impact is attributed to changes in the mean state of atmospheric circulation over the North Pacific, including stronger mean zonal winds and increased air-sea coupling. The study also highlights the role of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) in strengthening trade winds and the WES feedback, contributing to the increased influence of the March AL on ENSO. The findings suggest that the March AL-ENSO interaction may serve as a phase-transition mechanism during the ENSO cycle, potentially improving ENSO prediction models.

Technological advances in optical fields such as imaging, sensing, and devices are highlighted, with a focus on laser technologies and image sensors. The Special Issue compiles contributions from international leaders, covering recent developments in imaging and sensing systems and emerging applications. Key studies include frequency stabilization of diode lasers, surface-enhanced Raman spectra, beam homogenization systems, polarization phasor imaging, dual-wavelength achromatic metalens, 3D reconstruction methods, and multi-image encryption. Optical sensors are noted for their high sensitivity and low cost, with research on precision measurement methods, temperature-compensated strain sensing, and few-mode fiber characterization.

The globalization of trade has significantly impacted global water resources, with virtual water trade offering a new perspective on freshwater sharing and sustainability. This study examines the structural characteristics and drivers of global virtual water trade networks from 2000 to 2015, using multi-regional input-output data and stochastic actor-oriented models. Findings indicate that virtual water flows predominantly from less developed to developed countries, supporting the theory of ecologically unequal exchange. The study also reveals that trade networks are expanding to larger and more distant markets, and that endogenous network structures such as reciprocity and transitive links play a crucial role in the evolution of virtual water trade networks. The research highlights the need for a multidisciplinary approach to water resource management, integrating trade and long-term economic development to promote global water conservation.

Articular cartilage (AC) provides frictionless movement in joints but is compromised by osteoarthritis (OA). Hydrogels, with properties similar to AC, are promising for AC replacement. This review highlights recent advancements in hydrogel-based synthetic cartilage, focusing on lubrication and load-bearing capacities. It discusses different formulations, limitations, and future directions for hydrogel-based AC repair. The article emphasizes the need for realistic evaluations, biosafety considerations, and potential bioactivity to stimulate AC regeneration.

China faces a significant chronic disease burden, with 34.3% of its population affected. The family doctor system, initiated in 2015 in H city, aims to improve continuity of care for chronic disease patients, particularly those with diabetes. The study used a difference-in-difference analysis to evaluate the system's impact, finding improvements in continuity of care as measured by the Continuity of Care Index (COCI), Usual Provider Continuity Score (UPCS), and Sequential Continuity of Care Index (SECON). The system fosters stable doctor-patient relationships and incentivizes family doctors to provide high-quality care. The findings support the system's role in China's healthcare reform, emphasizing its potential to enhance chronic disease management and reduce healthcare costs.

The article discusses the development of a quadcopter drone designed for vision-based autonomous target following, focusing on dynamic target identification and obstacle avoidance. The proposed system integrates an adaptive target identification system, a novel contour and spiral convolution space detection (CASCSD) algorithm, and a fuzzified flight control system. The research highlights the challenges of implementing these technologies on miniature UAVs due to limited computational resources and presents experimental results demonstrating the system's effectiveness in various environments. The study aims to enhance UAV applications in personal security and criminal detection systems.

A learning-based correction method using deep neural networks with Gaussian constraints is proposed for ghost imaging through dynamic scattering media. The method effectively learns the wave-scattering mechanism and corrects dynamic scaling factors in the optical channel, resulting in high-quality ghost images. Experimental results show the method's effectiveness and robustness, requiring only half the number of realizations compared to the temporally corrected GI method. This novel approach offers promising insights and tools for optical imaging in dynamic scattering environments.

The study investigates the drug resistance and molecular characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) using 380 MTB-positive formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from the Chinese PLA General Hospital. Findings reveal a high rate of drug resistance, with 77.63% of specimens resistant to one or more drugs. The study highlights significant gender and treatment history differences in drug resistance rates. Key mutations in drug resistance-related genes, such as rpoB, katG, inhA, rpsL, and embB, were identified. The research underscores the importance of timely detection and precise treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis to improve treatment outcomes and control disease transmission.

The study evaluates the associations between pre-diagnostic levels of serum insulin, glucose, and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) with the future risk of incident primary liver cancer (PLC) or chronic liver disease (CLD)-related mortality. Using a nested case-control design over 22 years, the study found that higher levels of insulin and HOMA-IR are associated with increased risks of PLC and CLD death, particularly in HBV-positive subjects. Elevated glucose levels also showed a significant association with increased risks of PLC and CLD mortality in the HBV-positive group.

The study investigates the relationship between nurses' compliance with standard precautions, servant leadership, and emotional exhaustion. It highlights the importance of servant leadership in improving compliance with standard precautions and reducing emotional exhaustion among nurses. The research, conducted through a cross-sectional survey in a Grade A general hospital in Chongqing, China, also explores the moderating role of personal resilience. The findings suggest that servant leadership positively impacts compliance with standard precautions and that emotional exhaustion mediates this relationship. The study emphasizes the need for supportive leadership and resilience-building to enhance nurses' adherence to infection control measures.

A field experiment conducted in the South China Sea in October 2021 studied the impact of a mesoscale warm eddy on acoustic propagation. The experiment involved 105 CTD profiles and an acoustic survey line of about 210 km. The hydrological survey revealed that the warm eddy exhibited surface-intensified, ellipse-like structures with significant temperature and salinity anomalies. Acoustic observations showed that the warm eddy and topography jointly influenced the sound fields, with the warm eddy lengthening the horizontal span of convergence zones by 1.7 km and decreasing their depth by 32 m. The study utilized the Bellhop and Bellhop3D models to simulate the sound fields, revealing anisotropy in the 3D sound fields due to the combined effects of the eddy and topography.

Sydney Steenland, a 16-year-old living on a boat with her family, has been inspired by the plastic pollution she witnessed during her travels to create The Sea Monkey Project. This social enterprise recycles discarded plastics into ethical souvenirs and has upcycled over 22,500 products while organizing nearly 10,000 educational workshops. The project, which uses machines built from open-source blueprints, provides employment opportunities to marginalized communities and refugees. Sydney is passionate about educating others on recycling and plastic pollution, aiming to inspire global change.

The article discusses the properties and behaviors of nanolamellar high-entropy alloys (EHEAs) produced through additive manufacturing, specifically laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF). It highlights the unique microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of these alloys, such as their high strength and ductility. The study includes detailed analyses using techniques like neutron diffraction and high-resolution TEM imaging, demonstrating the isotropic mechanical behavior and strain-hardening rates of the materials. The findings suggest that the extreme processing conditions of L-PBF contribute to the highly metastable microstructure and superior performance of the EHEAs compared to conventional methods.

The study investigates the mechanisms by which allergen protease-activated stress granule assembly and gasdermin D fragmentation regulate the secretion of interleukin-33 (IL-33). Using various cell lines and experimental conditions, the research demonstrates the role of papain and other stimulants in modulating IL-33 secretion and interaction with other proteins. The findings are supported by immunoblot analysis, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry, highlighting the complex interplay between cellular stress responses and immune signaling pathways.

Borneo Komrad, founded by Mukmin Nantang, has established Sekolah Alternatif (Alternative Schools) in Sabah, Malaysia, to provide education to stateless children. These schools offer a diverse curriculum including traditional subjects, practical skills, and outdoor activities, emphasizing equality and the right to education. The initiative is supported by community donations and crowdfunding, aiming to integrate marginalized children into society and inspire them to contribute positively. The schools' flexible and student-centered approach has been well-received, fostering individual growth and social awareness.

The article explores the critical role of zinc in modulating cell proliferation and its implications for livestock growth. It highlights the biochemical pathways influenced by zinc, including its impact on neuronal proliferation, apoptosis, and various signaling mechanisms. The study underscores the importance of adequate zinc levels in promoting healthy growth and development in livestock, suggesting potential benefits for agricultural practices.

A new method for optically transmitting analog signals through turbid water is proposed, utilizing random amplitude-only patterns and a single-pixel detector. Experiments in various water conditions, including real seawater, demonstrate high robustness and fidelity against light wave diffusion and turbulence. The method is cost-effective and easy to operate, offering significant potential for optical signal transmission in complex environments.

The study proposes a novel method for reconstructing ocean fronts using the K-means algorithm for iterative hierarchical clustering of sound speed profiles (SSP). The method was validated through acoustic transmission loss (TL) calculations, demonstrating its effectiveness in accurately reconstructing the three-dimensional structure of the Gulf Stream front (GSF). The research highlights the importance of SSP in ocean acoustic detection and offers a new approach to identifying ocean fronts, emphasizing the iterative optimization of stratification based on clustering accuracy.

A novel segmentation method for 3D brain glioma in MRI integrates results from three densely connected 2D convolutional neural networks, combining low-level and high-level features to avoid missing critical information. The method enhances the edema section by fusing T2-weighted FLAIR and T2 modal images and improves the cross-entropy loss function to prevent over-fitting. Achieving high dice similarity coefficient values on BraTS datasets, the method shows promising accuracy and fast processing, indicating significant potential for clinical application.

Wong Kueng Hui, a stateless individual in Malaysia, has faced significant challenges due to his status. Despite his aspirations to tour overseas with a punk band, his statelessness confines him to Malaysia. Wong's life in Keningau, Sabah, has been marked by exploitative work, including a grueling job as a bus conductor where he worked excessive hours for less than the minimum wage. His employer paid him only RM 500 instead of the promised RM 800, citing meal allowance deductions. This personal story highlights the broader issues of statelessness and labor exploitation in Malaysia.

The paper proposes and experimentally demonstrates a phase-only authentication method using single-pixel optical imaging through scattering media. The method involves modulating a propagating wave with random amplitude-only patterns in a spatial light modulator, recording one-dimensional intensity values with a single-pixel detector, and using a correlation algorithm to retrieve an intensity pattern. This pattern is then propagated back to the object plane to recover the object phase pattern as a reference. The method applies 1-bit compression to randomly selected single-pixel intensity values to generate binary signals as ciphertext, with corresponding random amplitude-only patterns serving as keys. The method is noted for its high security, robustness to noise and data loss, and ability to perform phase-only authentication without visually rendering the plaintext.

The article discusses the application of a genetic algorithm to multilevel block truncation coding, focusing on advancements in computer science and technology.