Amnesty International (AI) has called for international scrutiny and accountability for the increased repression in Venezuela, highlighting intensified government attacks on civic space, arbitrary detentions, forced disappearances, and violations of due process. AI urges the immediate release of political detainees and cessation of attacks on civil society, condemning the government's efforts to undermine NGOs' freedom of association.

Amnesty International has called for international scrutiny and accountability for the increased repression in Venezuela, highlighting intensified government attacks on civic space, arbitrary detentions, forced disappearances, and violations of due process. The organization urges the immediate release of political detainees and an end to attacks on civil society, condemning the government's efforts to undermine NGOs' freedom of association.

In Venezuela, elderly women like Yolanda González and Angelina Sosa are increasingly responsible for raising their grandchildren due to economic hardship and migration. The NGO Convite's study highlights the significant caregiving role played by grandmothers, with 36% of those surveyed taking care of grandchildren. The economic crisis exacerbates their situation, with pensions and social security deemed insufficient, and many suffering from health issues like hypertension. The psychological impact of these responsibilities is also a concern, with some experiencing symptoms of anxiety and stress. The term 'grandparent slavery syndrome' has been coined to describe the overwhelming burden faced by these elderly caregivers.

Ecuador, once known as an 'Island of Peace', is now facing an 'internal armed conflict' due to a surge in violence linked to narcotraffic. The conflict's origins trace back to events such as the use of Ecuadorian ports for drug transit, the introduction of dollarization, the 2008 Constitution prohibiting foreign military bases, and the declaration of universal citizenship in 2010. The country ended 2023 with a high rate of violent deaths, surpassing other Latin American nations. Recent events include the assassination of political figures, prison riots, and the escape of high-profile criminals. The government has declared a state of emergency, involving military operations and curfews, to combat the crisis.

Ecuador, once known as an 'Island of Peace,' is now grappling with an internal armed conflict driven by narcotrafficking and criminal violence. The escalation began with the use of Ecuadorian ports by Colombian and Peruvian mafias, the impact of dollarization, the 2008 constitution barring foreign military bases, and the 2010 declaration of universal citizenship. The government, under President Daniel Novoa, has declared a state of internal armed conflict, involving military and police operations to curb the violence. High-profile assassinations, prison riots, and the takeover of a TV station have marked the crisis. The conflict has significant implications for regional economies and has fueled xenophobia, particularly against Venezuelan migrants.

The annual summary from the UCV's Rain Station Bulletin reported that 2023 ended as an 'extremely rainy' year with total precipitation reaching 1,182.9 mm, exceeding the annual average of 893.8 mm from previous years. December was noted as an 'extremely dry month' with only 1.3 mm of rain, well below the monthly average of 44.1 mm. Despite the 'La Niña' event (cold phase) from January to April, precipitation was below average, while from May to November, it was above average despite the 'El Niño' event (warm phase). September and October were highlighted as 'extraordinarily rainy,' with three times the September average and twice the October average, attributed to the warming of the Atlantic Ocean during the tropical wave season. The bulletin also mentioned that there have been four consecutive years of above-average rainfall, with annual precipitation between 1,000 and 1,200 mm since 2019. The UCV station's analysis suggests that the annual rainfall for 2024 might be below average, considering there has never been a five or six-year sequence above average. It is noted that rainfall over 30 mm in Caracas is the threshold for significant damage or hazardous situations such as floods, mass movements, soil slips, and falling trees.

The Faculty of Medicine at the Central University of Venezuela (UCV) has decided to allow community doctors to participate in the admission process for clinical postgraduate studies, aligning with other public and autonomous universities in the country. This decision is in compliance with the Law of Medical Practice and aims to prevent discrimination against community doctors. The Vice President of the National Academy of Medicine, Huniades Urbina, and the Dean of the Faculty of Medicine, Mario Patiño, emphasize that this move ensures fair competition and maintains the quality of medical education. The UCV will allow these doctors to take the admission exam, and only those who pass will proceed to further stages of the selection process.

Nelson Piñero, an activist from the political party Encuentro Ciudadano, was detained by the Servicio Bolivariano de Inteligencia Nacional (Sebin) at midnight without a court order. The arrest was announced by Encuentro Ciudadano on social media, and Piñero's son confirmed the detention, stating that the reasons were unclear and related to his father's activity on the social network X. The article highlights the lack of judicial process and the activist's critical stance against the government.

Nelson Piñero, an activist from the political party Encuentro Ciudadano, was detained by the Servicio Bolivariano de Inteligencia Nacional (Sebin) at midnight without a court order. The detention was reported by his son via Piñero's account on the social media platform X (formerly Twitter). The reasons for the detention remain unclear, and the family has not received any information from Sebin. Piñero is known for his active criticism of the government and the country's situation on social media.

Since the rise of Chavismo, Venezuela's strategy to defend its claim over the Esequibo territory has been erratic, marked by omissions, inaccuracies, political gallantry, shifting rhetoric, and concessions that have allowed Guyana to gain an advantage in the dispute over the resource-rich 159,000 square kilometer area. The historical conflict, which will now be resolved by the International Court of Justice, has been mishandled by Venezuelan leaders Hugo Chávez and Nicolás Maduro, leading to a series of strategic mistakes including granting permissions to Guyana to exploit resources, minimizing Venezuela's claim, fostering too friendly relations with Cuba, offering oil royalties through Petrocaribe, allowing the case to reach the ICJ, failing to seek qualified help, and politicizing the issue.

In 2006, Hugo Chávez agreed to freeze the dispute with Guyana over the Essequibo region to gain support from the Organization of American States, Caricom, and ALBA. The Venezuelan government under Nicolás Maduro has revived interest in the claim after Exxon Mobil discovered significant oil reserves off the coast of Guyana in 2015. The Essequibo, rich in natural resources, represents two-thirds of Guyana's territory and a potential economic boom. Maduro's government has taken a more aggressive stance, claiming regional peace is at risk and planning a consultative referendum to define defense strategies. Guyana has sought resolution through the International Court of Justice, which Venezuela does not recognize as mandatory.

The article reports on the UN Human Rights Committee's evaluation of Venezuela's compliance with civil and political rights, highlighting the Venezuelan delegation's confrontational response. Tarek William Saab, the Venezuelan prosecutor, defended the government's record, while UN experts criticized the lack of independence and transparency. The article underscores the ongoing human rights abuses in Venezuela, including attacks on human rights defenders, and the government's failure to provide accurate data. The UN and various organizations expressed concern over the Venezuelan government's actions and called for respect and accountability.

The Venezuelan Ministry of Education has been accused of using intimidation and social control tactics in response to teachers' demands for fair wages. Military and police presence in public schools has been reported, ostensibly to monitor teachers' attendance. An electronic system using QR codes to track attendance was announced by Education Minister Yelitze Santaella but later clarified amidst backlash. Teachers have been protesting for salary increases in line with the Constitution, collective bargaining agreements, and additional benefits. The cost of living has significantly outpaced teachers' salaries, which do not exceed 30 dollars, while the food basket cost is 491 dollars. The government's use of military forces in educational settings has been a longstanding concern, with organizations like Cecodap and Provea highlighting the inappropriateness and potential violations of educational rights.

Grendy Duque Carvajal, a 37-year-old judge with a history of significant roles within Venezuela's Public Ministry, has been involved in judicial investigations where NGOs report human rights violations. She has recently sentenced union leaders, military personnel, and civilians on political grounds. Lawyers Eduardo Torres and former magistrate Blanca Rosa Mármol have filed a complaint against Duque for convicting six Venezuelan unionists without evidence. International bodies such as the UN and the International Criminal Court have been notified of these actions, which are considered crimes against humanity. Duque also presided over the so-called Operation Constitution case, sentencing individuals to up to 30 years in prison for alleged conspiracy against President Nicolás Maduro.

The pilot plan proposed by the Ministry of Education in Venezuela aims to transform 2,000 high schools into technical schools, introducing new subjects like Physics, Chemistry, and Biology from the first year of high school. Despite its potential benefits, experts like Carlos Calatrava and Mariano Herrera highlight significant challenges, including inadequate infrastructure, lack of specialized teachers, and insufficient funding. The plan's feasibility is questioned due to the country's economic crisis and the poor condition of public schools. The article underscores the gap between the plan's theoretical benefits and practical implementation hurdles.

The UN Independent Fact-Finding Mission on Venezuela's fourth report denounces the use of torture and sexual violence by the government of Nicolás Maduro against those implicated in 'Operation Constitution.' The report highlights systematic sexual violence used as a method of torture to extract information and humiliate detainees, particularly targeting men associated with the armed forces. Notable cases include John Jairo Gasparini Ferbans and Jonathan Rangel, both subjected to severe torture and sexual violence. The report documents numerous incidents of violence, including deaths, forced disappearances, arbitrary detentions, and torture between 2020 and 2023, underscoring ongoing human rights violations in Venezuela.

Diosdado Cabello, the first vice president of the PSUV, announced that the party is investigating the financing of the opposition's primary elections. He emphasized the importance of transparency and the potential issues with the funding sources. Cabello also criticized the opposition for their alleged subordination to U.S. interests and praised the achievements of the Venezuelan revolution in higher education. The article highlights the ongoing political tensions and the PSUV's stance on the upcoming elections.

Leider García Rangel, a former police officer, was fatally shot while attempting to help bring humanitarian aid into Venezuela during the political and economic crisis under Nicolás Maduro's government. The incident occurred on February 23, 2019, amidst violent clashes between protesters and the Guardia Nacional Bolivariana. Leider's family, who supported the interim president Juan Guaidó, faced numerous challenges, including medical negligence and bureaucratic obstacles, in their efforts to save him. Four years later, Leider's case remains unresolved, with lost documents and unpunished perpetrators.

Venezuela's Ministry of Education's pilot plan, which aims to transform schools and update the curriculum, is seen as a compilation of good intentions with questionable practicality. Despite the plan's strengths, such as the inclusion of more science and technology subjects, experts like Carlos Calatrava from Universidad Católica Andrés Bello highlight significant challenges due to the country's economic situation and the state of public schools. The plan includes transforming 2,000 schools into technical schools and introducing a technical baccalaureate with 36 mentions. However, issues like inadequate infrastructure, teacher shortages, and the need for substantial investment raise doubts about the feasibility of the plan.

The Venezuelan high school curriculum has remained unchanged for over 30 years, lagging behind global educational advancements. Experts like Luisa Pernalete and Carlos Calatrava emphasize the urgent need for a curriculum focused on science, technology, and practical skills. The Ministry of Education is working on a new curriculum, but details remain scarce. The outdated curriculum is seen as a major reason for student dropouts, as it fails to provide relevant skills for the job market. The new curriculum aims to include technical education and specializations, but experts warn that its implementation is premature given current infrastructural and financial challenges in the education sector.

The Venezuelan high school curriculum is outdated by over 30 years, lacking modern educational elements and failing to prepare students for the workforce. Experts like Luisa Pernalete, Carlos Calatrava, and Mariano Herrera emphasize the need for urgent reforms focused on science, technology, and practical skills. The Ministry of Education is working on a new curriculum, but details remain scarce. The current system is criticized for its irrelevance and lack of comprehensive educational goals. The proposed reforms aim to include technical education and better align with societal needs, but concerns about infrastructure and teacher salaries persist.

Following the presidential elections in Venezuela, widespread protests erupted, leading to severe repression, harassment, and detentions. Over 1400 people, including journalists and activists, were detained arbitrarily. The article highlights the dire state of human rights in Venezuela, particularly for the LGBTIQ+ community, and criticizes the government's actions.

The National Library of Venezuela, once a model for other libraries in Latin America, is facing severe deterioration due to lack of maintenance and investment. Key issues include poor lighting, inadequate air conditioning, and insufficient staff. The library's vast collection of historical documents, books, and artifacts is at risk. Researchers like Juan Hernández have found damaged and missing pages, particularly in documents related to human rights and political events. Despite these challenges, employees continue to work under difficult conditions to preserve the nation's documentary memory.

The Supreme Court of Justice (TSJ) fined Alexander José Martineau Cedeño for denouncing the demolition of his residence to build a PSUV headquarters. Despite living in his home for 12 years and using it for commercial purposes, Martineau was informed by Caracas officials that his house would be demolished. When he sought legal recourse, the TSJ dismissed his case and fined him, citing procedural abandonment and malicious intent. The decision has been criticized for ignoring Martineau's claims and delaying the legal process for three years.

The Supreme Court of Justice (TSJ) fined Alexander José Martineau Cedeño Bs. 2,000 after he denounced the demolition of his residence in Caracas to build a PSUV headquarters. Despite living in the house for 12 years and using it for commercial purposes, Martineau Cedeño's case was dismissed by the TSJ, which deemed itself incompetent to handle the matter and accused him of acting maliciously. The decision, made three years after the initial complaint, ignored his claims of not receiving proper notification to take legal action.

Armando Benedetti and Laura Sarabia, key figures in Gustavo Petro's government, are at the center of a major scandal involving espionage, blackmail, threats, abuse of power, and alleged illicit financing for Petro's presidential campaign. The scandal includes the controversial use of a polygraph on Sarabia's nanny, Marelbys Meza, following the theft of $7,000, and the subsequent political fallout leading to the dismissal of both Benedetti and Sarabia. The situation escalated with leaked audios revealing Benedetti's dissatisfaction with his political role and threats to expose campaign financing details, further implicating Petro's administration.

Armando Benedetti and Laura Sarabia, key figures in Gustavo Petro's government, are at the center of a major scandal involving espionage, blackmail, threats, abuse of power, and alleged illicit financing for Petro's presidential campaign. The scandal includes the controversial use of a polygraph on Sarabia's nanny, Marelbys Meza, following the theft of $7,000. Investigations revealed political abuse of power, with Meza and another employee being wrongfully implicated as collaborators of a criminal group. The scandal led to the dismissal of Benedetti and Sarabia, with Benedetti expressing dissatisfaction with his role and threatening to expose campaign financing details. The situation escalated with leaked audios and Benedetti's public outbursts, culminating in his request for protection from threats.

The article discusses the plight of elderly Venezuelan grandmothers who are left to care for their grandchildren due to economic migration and insufficient social support. It highlights the physical, emotional, and financial challenges they face, exacerbated by Venezuela's prolonged economic crisis. The article includes personal stories and statistical data from studies by Convite and other organizations, emphasizing the need for better policies and support systems for the elderly.

Yosmary Katherine Guerra Viloria was fatally injured during food riots in Mérida, Venezuela, in January 2018. The article details the severe economic crisis in Venezuela, marked by food shortages and hyperinflation, leading to widespread protests and looting. Alba Pacheco, a local food distributor, is accused of hoarding food and inciting violence, resulting in multiple injuries and deaths, including Guerra's. Despite some legal actions, full justice remains elusive for Guerra's family, who continue to seek accountability for her death.

The recent announcement by Nicolás Maduro regarding wage adjustments in Venezuela has been met with criticism and dissatisfaction among workers and experts. The adjustments include an increase in food vouchers and a 'war economy bonus' but do not significantly raise the actual minimum wage, which remains at a mere 7% of the total income. This has led to concerns about the impact on workers' benefits and the potential for increased inflation. Legal experts and labor leaders have criticized the government's approach as inadequate and harmful to workers' rights, with the overall sentiment being that the Venezuelan worker continues to suffer from poor economic policies and a lack of substantial income improvement.

The Venezuelan government's announcement on May 1st, which was expected to address a salary adjustment in line with the country's economic situation, instead increased cestatickets and the 'economic war bonus' without raising the minimum wage. This decision has been met with dissatisfaction among workers, as it does not affect benefits such as severance or vacation bonuses. Experts and labor leaders criticize the move as insufficient and a mockery, highlighting the widening gap between public sector wages and the cost of living. The government's approach is seen as an attempt to reduce labor liabilities and avoid inflationary impact, while failing to heed recommendations from the International Labour Organization. The sentiment towards the government and its policies is overwhelmingly negative, with criticism focusing on the continued deterioration of workers' income and the overall economic strategy.

Carlos Salazar, a retired PDVSA employee, has been detained for over a month without clear charges after recording a video of Colombian businessman Alex Saab. Despite being presented in court, the specific accusations remain unknown, with incitement to hatred being one possible charge. His family and lawyers have struggled to obtain information, and his detention conditions have raised concerns. The video, which went viral, showed Saab shopping in Margarita Island, leading to Salazar's forced disappearance and subsequent detention by the Servicio Bolivariano de Inteligencia Nacional (Sebin).

In Venezuela, patients with rare diseases face significant challenges due to a lack of diagnosis, treatment, and government support. The article highlights personal stories of individuals struggling with conditions like pulmonary hypertension and cystic fibrosis. Organizations like Fundación A Todo Pulmón provide some support, but many patients rely on international aid and face high medical costs. The Venezuelan government's failure to provide necessary medications and conduct genetic studies exacerbates the situation, forcing many to seek treatment abroad.

Sandra Oblitas, former principal rector of the National Electoral Council (CNE), has been appointed by Nicolás Maduro as the new Minister of University Education, replacing Tibisay Lucena. Oblitas, a sociologist from the Central University of Venezuela, has no prior experience as a university professor. Maduro praised her academic background and institutional leadership in his announcement.

Carlos Salazar, a retired PDVSA employee, has been detained for over a month without clear charges after recording a video of Colombian businessman Alex Saab. Despite being presented in court, his lawyers are unaware of the specific accusations, suspecting additional charges beyond incitement to hatred. His family discovered his location at the Sebin headquarters in Caracas after weeks of searching. The video, which went viral, showed Saab shopping in Margarita Island, leading to Salazar's disappearance and subsequent detention. His niece, Andrea Castellanos, highlighted the ongoing uncertainty and the family's efforts to understand his legal situation.

José Mascimino Márquez García, a judge in Caracas known for his role in politically motivated legal actions against opposition leaders, journalists, and civil society members, has been accused of corruption. His notable cases include the detention of opposition figure Freddy Guevara and journalist Ronald Carreño. Márquez García, who previously worked as a waiter, has been implicated in violating due process, such as in the case of the indigenous Pemones and the Operation Gedeón detainees. Recently, he was in the news for allegedly facilitating the release of Oswaldo José Cheremos Carrasquel, a member of the criminal organization Tren del Llano, after receiving instructions from Mario Aquino, an assistant at the Caracas Criminal Judicial Circuit.

José Mascimino Márquez García, a judge in Caracas, is accused of corruption and political persecution, having ordered the detention of opposition figures, journalists, and military personnel. His actions include the controversial detentions of Ronald Carreño and Freddy Guevara, and the death of Salvador Franco in prison. Márquez García was recently detained for allegedly facilitating the release of a criminal figure, highlighting systemic issues within Venezuela's judicial system.

José Mascimino Márquez García, a judge in Caracas, is known for his aggressive actions against political opponents, military personnel, journalists, and civil society members. His career, marked by controversial detentions and judicial irregularities, includes the high-profile cases of Ronald Carreño and Freddy Guevara. Márquez García, who rose to power in 2019, was recently detained for corruption, allegedly favoring the release of a criminal linked to the Tren del Llano organization. His actions have drawn significant criticism and highlight issues within Venezuela's judicial system.

The Venezuelan government's cryptocurrency, the petro, has been officially discontinued due to corruption and lack of use. Initially introduced as a solution to counteract U.S. economic sanctions, the petro failed to gain trust or widespread adoption. The Platform Patria announced the transfer of petro funds to the Monedero Patria, and other cryptocurrencies will be converted to bolívares digitales. The petro's demise is attributed to a corruption scandal involving high-ranking officials, leading to significant financial losses. Critics, including economists and legal experts, have condemned the petro as a violation of economic sovereignty and constitutional principles.

The Universidad Católica Andrés Bello (Ucab) presented the 2023 National Survey of Living Conditions (Encovi), revealing that moderate and severe food insecurity persists in a third of Venezuela. Despite economic improvements and the removal of controls, 89% of households still face food insecurity, with many unable to access or afford sufficient nutritious food. The survey, conducted between March and May 2023, covered over 16,000 households across various cities. It highlighted that half of the households do not earn enough to cover basic food needs, placing them in extreme poverty. The study also noted significant concerns about income poverty and its impact on the quality of life.

In 2023, Venezuela continued to experience severe human rights violations, including inadequate healthcare, poor education, and lack of basic services. The government of Nicolás Maduro is criticized for failing to uphold human rights, with organizations documenting violations in political rights, justice, education, health, and freedom of expression. The article highlights the normalization of these violations and the precarious living conditions faced by Venezuelans, including low wages, inadequate medical supplies, and frequent power outages. The situation remains dire, with ongoing protests and international scrutiny.

The article discusses the long-standing territorial dispute between Venezuela and Guyana over the Essequibo region, highlighting key events and policy shifts under the leadership of Hugo Chávez and Nicolás Maduro. It details the discovery of significant oil reserves by Exxon Mobil in 2015, which reignited Venezuela's interest in the region. The narrative covers the diplomatic maneuvers, international relations, and the recent escalation under Maduro's government, including plans for a referendum and Guyana's appeal to the International Court of Justice.

The Faculty of Medicine at the Central University of Venezuela (UCV) has clarified that allowing community doctors to apply for clinical postgraduate studies aligns with Article 4 of the Medical Practice Law and follows the precedent set by other public and autonomous universities. Vice President of the National Academy of Medicine, Huniades Urbina, and Dean Mario Patiño emphasize that this policy ensures non-discrimination and maintains the university's commitment to high-quality medical education. The policy allows community doctors to take an admission exam, ensuring that only those who pass can proceed, thereby upholding professional standards.

HumVenezuela's annual report on Venezuela's Complex Humanitarian Emergency highlights severe deterioration in the basic education subsystem for children and adolescents aged 0 to 17. The report, published on January 8, 2023, indicates that 18.1% of children in this age group missed over 50 school days, equating to not attending 33% of the days set by the school calendar. Issues such as absenteeism, school dropout, and non-enrollment are increasingly severe due to the educational system's failings, economic poverty, insecurity, and community violence. In 2023, 61.6% of children were at risk of dropping out or were already out of the educational system. The report also notes irregular attendance, lack of transportation, school supplies, and food due to economic difficulties at home, and a significant decline in the condition of school facilities, including shortages of desks, lack of continuous electricity and water supply, and a deficit of teachers and technological resources.

In 2023, Venezuela continued to experience significant human rights violations under Nicolás Maduro's government, with issues spanning healthcare, education, labor rights, and freedom of expression. The country's infrastructure remains in disrepair, with hospitals lacking essential supplies and public services failing. The minimum wage is insufficient to meet basic needs, exacerbating poverty and hunger. Political repression persists, with arrests of union leaders and censorship of media outlets. Despite some minor improvements, the overall situation remains dire, with human rights organizations documenting ongoing abuses and advocating for change.

Robert Franco, a professor and union leader, has been detained for nearly three years without trial, accused of being part of a destabilization plan against the Venezuelan government. His family believes his detention is due to his criticism of state education policies and demands for fair wages. The article details the circumstances of his arrest, the alleged injustices during his detention, and the ongoing legal battles, highlighting the perceived corruption and lack of evidence in the case. Franco's family continues to seek international support to address what they see as a judicial kidnapping.

Robert Franco, a professor and union leader, has been detained for nearly three years without trial, accused of being part of a destabilization plan against the Venezuelan government. His family believes his detention is due to his criticism of state education policies and demands for fair wages. Despite numerous court hearings, no substantial evidence has been presented against him, leading to calls for international intervention. The case highlights significant concerns about human rights and judicial processes in Venezuela.

Several primary candidates, including César Pérez Vivas, Andrés Caleca, Andrés Velásquez, María Corina Machado, and Delsa Solórzano, expressed dissatisfaction with the agreements signed between the Venezuelan government and the opposition in Barbados. They criticized the agreements for not meeting expectations, failing to address human rights issues, and lacking specific actions and timelines. The agreements aimed to promote political and electoral rights and protect national interests, but the opposition candidates remain skeptical about their effectiveness and the government's commitment.

The UN Independent Fact-Finding Mission on Venezuela's fourth report denounces the use of torture and sexual violence by Nicolás Maduro's government against those implicated in 'Operation Constitution.' The report highlights systematic sexual violence as a method of extracting information and humiliating detainees, particularly targeting men associated with the armed forces. Notable cases include John Jairo Gasparini Ferbans and Jonathan Rangel, both subjected to severe torture and sexual violence. The report documents numerous human rights violations, including deaths, forced disappearances, arbitrary detentions, and cases of torture and sexual violence from 2020 to 2023.

Josnars Baduel, son of the late General Raúl Isaías Baduel, has been detained for three years in Caracas, accused of conspiracy, association to commit crimes, and terrorism. His sister, Andreína Baduel, asserts there is no evidence linking him to the alleged maritime incursion known as 'Macutazo.' The article details the harsh treatment and judicial irregularities Josnars faces, including forced disappearance, lack of medical care, and double jeopardy. The Baduel family believes their persecution is due to their surname, with multiple family members having faced detention and mistreatment under Nicolás Maduro's administration.

The ARI Mobile, an initiative by Alianza Rebelde Investiga, participated in the West Caracas Book Fair at the Universidad Católica Andrés Bello. The event featured notable guests such as Antonio López Ortega, Sergio Dahbar, and Manuel Zapata, who praised the ARI Mobile's efforts to provide information and combat censorship. The fair showcased various literary works, including those by Venezuelan authors, and highlighted the cultural significance of the event. The ARI Mobile plans to continue its outreach by visiting universities and organizing informational events.

Josnars Baduel, son of the late General Raúl Isaías Baduel, has been detained for three years in Caracas, accused of conspiracy, association to commit crimes, and terrorism. His sister, Andreína Baduel, asserts there is no evidence linking him to the alleged maritime incursion known as 'Macutazo.' The article highlights the judicial irregularities and poor treatment Josnars has faced, including forced disappearance, lack of medical attention, and denial of private defense. The Baduel family believes their persecution is due to their surname, as Raúl Isaías Baduel was a former ally turned dissident of Hugo Chávez. The article also details the broader persecution of the Baduel family by Nicolás Maduro's administration.

The article highlights the findings of an NGO report that criticizes the Venezuelan judicial system for failing to protect victims of gender-based violence. The report, presented by Acceso a la Justicia, reveals a pattern of revictimization and procedural delays in cases of violence against women. It calls for the inclusion of a gender perspective in judicial decisions to ensure equality and non-discrimination. The report also notes that a significant number of femicides occurred in 2022, emphasizing the need for a stronger commitment from the state to address this issue.

The article highlights the findings of an NGO report that criticizes Venezuelan courts for failing to protect victims of gender-based violence effectively. The report, presented by Acceso a la Justicia, reveals a pattern of revictimization and procedural delays in cases of violence against women. It calls for the inclusion of a gender perspective in judicial decisions to ensure equality and non-discrimination. The report also notes that a significant number of court decisions are merely procedural and do not provide necessary attention to victims, undermining public confidence in the judicial system.

Carlos Trapani, coordinator of Cecodap, emphasizes that the participation of minors in the upcoming consultation on the Esequibo must be voluntary, informed, and respectful. Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro announced plans for an electoral process allowing students under 18 to vote in schools. Trapani supports youth participation but stresses the importance of it being a genuine, informed exercise rather than a symbolic or manipulated act. The article highlights the need for prior information to ensure conscious voting and warns against using children's participation for partisan purposes.

Venezuelan football players from the Vinotinto were assaulted by Peruvian police after a match in Lima, which ended in a 1-1 draw. The incident occurred as players attempted to greet Venezuelan fans, leading to physical aggression against player Nahuel Ferraresi. Additionally, there were obstacles in refueling the team's return flight, as reported by Venezuelan Foreign Minister Yván Gil. Venezuelan politicians condemned the actions and called for FIFA sanctions, highlighting ongoing xenophobic and misogynistic sentiments in Peru.

Venezuelan football players from the Vinotinto team were assaulted by Peruvian police after a match that ended in a 1-1 draw. The players were attacked while thanking their fans and attempting to give away their shirts. Additionally, the Venezuelan team faced difficulties when their plane was denied fuel for the return trip, an act denounced by Venezuelan Chancellor Yván Gil as vengeful. Xenophobic and misogynistic comments from Peruvian commentators and authorities were also reported, along with identity checks on foreigners by Peruvian Migration officials. Venezuelan politicians condemned the actions and called for FIFA sanctions.

Several primary candidates, including César Pérez Vivas, Andrés Caleca, Andrés Velásquez, María Corina Machado, and Delsa Solórzano, expressed dissatisfaction with the agreements signed between the Venezuelan government and the opposition in Barbados. They criticized the agreements for not meeting expectations, failing to address human rights issues, and lacking specific actions and timelines. The candidates emphasized the need for the release of political prisoners and the guarantee of fair presidential elections in 2024. The agreements, which resumed after 11 months of silence, aimed to promote political and electoral rights but left ambiguity regarding the eligibility of opposition candidates.

Roberto Enríquez, the candidate for the opposition primaries from the Copei party, announced his withdrawal from the race scheduled for October 22. This follows the withdrawal of Freddy Superlano from Voluntad Popular, who has endorsed María Corina Machado. Enríquez cited insufficient media exposure and efforts as reasons for his decision. Copei will support the primary winner. This marks the third candidate withdrawal in the lead-up to the opposition consultation.

Roberto Enríquez, the candidate for the opposition primaries from the Copei party, announced his withdrawal from the race scheduled for October 22. His resignation follows that of Freddy Superlano from Voluntad Popular, who also withdrew and endorsed María Corina Machado. Enríquez cited insufficient media exposure and efforts as reasons for his decision. Copei will support the primary winner. This marks the third candidate withdrawal in the lead-up to the opposition consultation.

The UN Human Rights Committee expressed serious concerns about Venezuela's human rights record, including repression, torture, and corruption. The Venezuelan delegation, led by Tarek William Saab and Yván Gil, responded with insults rather than addressing the issues. The committee members, including José Manuel Santos Pais and Carlos Gómez Martínez, criticized the delegation's lack of professionalism and demanded respect. Despite Saab's claims of transparency and statistical evidence, NGOs reported ongoing human rights violations and lack of reliable data from the Venezuelan government.

The president of the Federation of University Centers (FCU) at the Central University of Venezuela (UCV), Jesús Mendoza, denounced that the National Electoral Council (CNE) excluded several opposition-governed municipalities from the electoral registry update points. Despite the CNE's announcement of 500 registration points, 70 municipalities, many of which are opposition-governed, were left without a registration point. This exclusion is seen as a deliberate act to hinder the registration process in opposition areas.

Misael Junior Estrella González, an active participant in the 2017 protests in Venezuela, remains detained despite a court order for his release. Accused without evidence of killing a police officer, Misael's case has been marred by judicial manipulation and political motivations. His lawyer, Luis Betancourt, and the Foro Penal have been actively fighting for his release, highlighting the arbitrary nature of his detention and the broader issues within Venezuela's judicial system. Despite a recent court ruling in his favor, Misael remains imprisoned, underscoring the political and human rights challenges in the country.

The National Library of Venezuela, once a model for other libraries in Latin America, is facing severe deterioration due to lack of maintenance and investment. Key issues include poor lighting, inadequate air conditioning, and insufficient staff. The library's vast collection of historical documents, books, and artifacts is at risk. Researchers like Juan Hernández have found damaged and missing pages, particularly in materials related to human rights and political events. Despite these challenges, some efforts are being made to improve conditions, but the library's future remains uncertain.

Four years after the murder of Luigi Ángel Guerrero Ovalles during the 2019 anti-government protests in Venezuela, his mother, Julieta Ovalles, continues to seek justice. Despite her extensive personal investigation and presenting evidence to the authorities, the case remains stagnant. The article highlights the brutal repression by state security forces, including Sebin, Cicpc, and Faes, and the lack of accountability. Julieta has also taken her case to international bodies like the International Criminal Court, hoping for eventual justice. The piece underscores the broader issue of forgotten victims of government repression in Venezuela.

The dream of owning a home in Venezuela is increasingly difficult due to high property prices and bureaucratic hurdles. The article highlights the challenges faced by individuals like Jaime Rodríguez, who encountered unexpected costs and corruption in the registration process. Real estate advisor Roxana Castillo and lawyer Rafael Cárdenas explain that the problem lies in the registration offices, where officials often demand exorbitant fees. Various business organizations, including Consecomercio and the Cámara Inmobiliaria de Venezuela, have called for a review of registration policies to curb corruption and ensure compliance with the law.

The dream of owning a home in Venezuela is increasingly difficult due to high property prices, bureaucratic hurdles, and exorbitant registration fees. Jaime Rodríguez's experience highlights the challenges, including hidden costs and corrupt practices in property registration. Legal experts and real estate advisors point to systemic issues in registration offices, where inflated property values lead to excessive fees. The Cámara Inmobiliaria de Venezuela and other business associations have called for policy reviews and adherence to legal fee limits, citing human rights violations and fostering corruption. Despite the possibility of formal complaints, the entrenched system and lack of accountability make it difficult for individuals to seek justice.

Misael Junior Estrella González, an active protester during Venezuela's 2017 crisis, remains imprisoned despite a court order for his release. Accused without evidence of killing a police officer, Misael's case has been marred by judicial delays and political interference. His lawyer, Luis Betancourt, and the Foro Penal organization have filed multiple legal actions to secure his release, but these have been ignored. The article portrays Misael as a political prisoner, highlighting systemic issues within Venezuela's judicial system.

The Observatorio de Ecología Política (OEP) reports a significant increase in oil spills in Venezuela, with an average of seven spills per month in 2022. The states of Zulia, Falcón, and Anzoátegui are the most affected. The spills have severe socio-environmental impacts, including damage to marine and terrestrial ecosystems, and adversely affect local fishing communities and indigenous populations. The state-owned company Petróleos de Venezuela (Pdvsa) is identified as the primary responsible party, with little to no cleanup efforts reported. The situation exacerbates the broader socio-environmental crisis in the country.

Public employees, retirees, and pensioners in Venezuela are struggling to survive on extremely low wages, with many resorting to side jobs and relying on government bonuses to make ends meet. Despite ongoing protests and negotiations, the government has not responded to demands for a wage increase. The last salary adjustment in March 2022 has lost significant value due to inflation. Representatives from various labor organizations emphasize the urgent need for a fair and livable wage, while government officials acknowledge the issue but cite economic constraints as a barrier to immediate action.

John Gasparini, a 45-year-old political prisoner in Venezuela, has been sentenced to 16 years in prison for his alleged involvement in 'Operation Constitution.' His sister, Sugled Gasparini, criticizes the judicial process, citing a lack of evidence and the use of torture. The trial concluded in just 10 hours, sentencing multiple political prisoners to lengthy terms. The case has drawn attention to the harsh treatment of political detainees and the controversial actions of the Venezuelan government.

Grendy Duque Carvajal, a 37-year-old judge with a history of significant roles within Venezuela's Public Ministry since 2012, has been involved in judicial investigations where human rights violations are reported by NGOs. She has recently sentenced union leaders, military personnel, and civilians on political grounds. Lawyers Eduardo Torres and former magistrate Blanca Rosa Mármol have filed a complaint against Duque Carvajal for condemning six Venezuelan unionists to 16 years in prison without evidence. The case has been brought to international bodies such as the UN and the ICC. Duque Carvajal also presided over the so-called Operation Constitution case, resulting in heavy prison sentences for those accused of plotting to suspend the 2018 presidential elections and detain President Nicolás Maduro.

Captain Luis de la Sotta has been detained since May 18, 2018, accused of leading a coup attempt called 'Operation Armageddon.' His sister, Molly de la Sotta, claims his detention is a retaliation for denouncing his superior's corruption. De la Sotta has been subjected to severe torture and inhumane conditions by the Dgcim, including beatings, electric shocks, and isolation. Despite international attention and calls for his release, including from the United Nations and the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, he remains imprisoned without trial. His health has deteriorated significantly due to the harsh conditions and lack of medical care.

Diosdado Cabello, the first vice president of the Partido Socialista Unido de Venezuela (PSUV), announced that the party is investigating the financing of the opposition's primary elections. He emphasized the importance of this investigation, citing potential issues with the funding sources. Cabello also criticized the opposition for their alleged subordination to North American imperialism and praised the achievements of the Venezuelan revolution in higher education. The article highlights Cabello's statements from his television program, where he discussed the ongoing investigation and other political issues.

Carlos Meléndez, director of the Observatorio de Universidades, reports a significant 60% reduction in student enrollment in Venezuelan private universities since 2008, attributing it to rising tuition costs. He warns that the country's development is at risk if the crisis in higher education persists. Meléndez highlights the dire financial situation of university professors, who earn extremely low wages compared to their counterparts in other countries. He criticizes the Maduro government for failing to uphold constitutional rights for educators.

Student enrollment in private universities in Venezuela has decreased by over 60% since 2008, primarily due to significant increases in tuition fees. The director of the Observatory of Universities, Carlos Meléndez, warns that the country's development is at risk if the crisis in higher education is not addressed. Professors in both public and private universities are earning extremely low wages, exacerbating the issue. The government, led by Nicolás Maduro, is criticized for failing to uphold the constitutional rights of university professors.

Captain Luis de la Sotta has been detained since May 18, 2018, without trial and subjected to severe torture by the Dgcim in Venezuela. Accused of leading a coup attempt, his detention is seen by his family as retaliation for denouncing his superior. Despite international attention and calls for his release, including from the United Nations and the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, he remains imprisoned under harsh conditions. His health has deteriorated significantly due to the torture and poor detention conditions, and his family continues to seek justice and his release.

Journalist Seir Contreras was fired from Globovisión following a heated interview with Chavismo deputy Ramón Magallanes. The interview, which discussed the causes of Venezuelan migration and public service issues, led to Contreras's dismissal, sparking criticism from his colleagues and press organizations. The Sindicato Nacional de Trabajadores de la Prensa (SNTP) and the Colegio Nacional de Periodistas (CNP) condemned the firing as an attack on freedom of expression and journalistic ethics. The article highlights the ongoing challenges faced by journalists in Venezuela.

Armando Benedetti and Laura Sarabia, key figures in Gustavo Petro's government, are at the center of a major scandal involving espionage, blackmail, threats, abuse of power, and alleged illicit financing for Petro's presidential campaign. The scandal includes the controversial use of a polygraph on Sarabia's nanny, Marelbys Meza, after $7,000 went missing, leading to accusations of power abuse. Benedetti, dissatisfied with his role as Colombia's ambassador to Venezuela, threatened to expose campaign financing details, further complicating the situation. Both Benedetti and Sarabia were dismissed by Petro to ensure impartial investigations.

Armando Benedetti and Laura Sarabia, key figures in Gustavo Petro's government, are at the center of a major scandal involving espionage, blackmail, threats, abuse of power, and alleged illicit financing for Petro's presidential campaign. The scandal includes the use of a polygraph on Sarabia's nanny, Marelbys Meza, after $7,000 went missing, leading to accusations of power abuse. Benedetti and Sarabia were dismissed by Petro to ensure impartial investigations. The scandal escalated with leaked audios of Benedetti expressing dissatisfaction with his role and threatening to expose campaign financing details. Benedetti later attributed his statements to anger and alcohol, and requested protection from the Colombian Fiscalía due to threats.

Venezuela's organ transplant system has been halted for five years due to a government decision, initially intended to be temporary. This has resulted in over 1,200 people missing out on transplants since 2018, and 120 transplant recipients dying due to treatment interruptions and lack of timely care. The National Transplant Organization (ONTV) was replaced by the government-created FUNDAVENE, which later suspended the cadaver donor program due to an inability to guarantee immunosuppressant supplies. The situation is described as painful, worrying, and critical, with only the Military Hospital Carlos Arvelo claiming to perform live donor transplants in the public health system. High costs of private transplants and a lack of resources have exacerbated the issue, with many patients, especially children, facing dire conditions and rights violations in hospitals.

The article discusses the discrepancies between Nicolás Maduro's announcements and the Official Gazette regarding pension payments and economic policies in Venezuela. Pensioners received payments that were significantly lower than expected, leading to widespread dissatisfaction. The article highlights the lack of clarity and potential manipulation in the government's economic policies, particularly concerning the indexation of bonuses to the Central Bank of Venezuela's exchange rate. Experts and organizations criticize the government's handling of the situation, emphasizing the negative impact on public sector workers and pensioners.

The article discusses the inconsistencies between Nicolás Maduro's announcements and the Official Gazette regarding the indexation of bonuses to the Central Bank of Venezuela's rate. Pensioners received their payments, but the amounts are insufficient to cover basic needs. The article highlights the lack of clarity and potential manipulation in the indexation process, leading to dissatisfaction among workers and pensioners. Experts criticize the government's approach, noting that the announced adjustments do not constitute genuine indexation and leave workers and pensioners financially vulnerable.

The article discusses the findings of a book presented by the Observatorio Venezolano de Violencia (OVV) that documents various forms of violence affecting Venezuelan children and youth. The research highlights structural violence due to lack of basic services, family violence, and sexual violence. The absence of reliable public data is cited as a major barrier to protecting minors. The book aims to provide accurate information to demand public policies and measures to prevent and mitigate the impact of violence on children and adolescents in Venezuela.

The Observatorio Venezolano de Violencia (OVV) presented a book documenting various forms of violence affecting children and youth in Venezuela, including structural, familial, and sexual violence. The research highlights the lack of public data, which hampers protection efforts, and calls for the creation of a national information system to better understand and address these issues. The book aims to inform and demand public policies to mitigate the impact of violence on young Venezuelans.

The Venezuelan government's announcement of a one-time bonus payment for retirees, made by President Nicolás Maduro, has been criticized for being discriminatory as it only includes 120,000 individuals who retired between January 2018 and May 2022, out of five million retirees in the country. The payment, which will be made in three parts from May 1, 2022, to May 1, 2023, requires retirees to use the Carnet de la Patria for collection and may be paid in petros. Luis Cano, coordinator of the Front in Defense of Pensioners and Retirees, condemned the measure as a mockery and disrespectful, emphasizing that the government's actions are inconsistent and fail to meet constitutional obligations for a dignified old age. The situation for retirees is precarious, especially for those abroad who have not received pensions since 2016. The article also highlights the broader issues of inadequate pension amounts, healthcare deficiencies, and the emotional toll on the elderly whose families have emigrated.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted the education of high school graduates in Venezuela, leading to deficiencies in basic mathematical operations and language skills as they transition to university studies. Educational advisor Carlos Cedeño and deans from Universidad Metropolitana and Universidad Católica Andrés Bello discuss the challenges faced by students who graduated during the pandemic and the efforts by universities to provide tools and support for these students. The article highlights the gap between public and private education and the need for improvements in teacher salaries, infrastructure, and public services.

After 15 years, the Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV) is set to hold elections for new university authorities on May 26, 2023. The election will include positions such as rector, vice-rectors, deans, and secretaries, with nearly 600 positions to be filled. The process will be mixed, using UCV's optical readers without the technical support of the National Electoral Council. The election is historic as it will allow participation from administrative and labor staff for the first time, a condition imposed by the Supreme Court of Justice. The current rector, Cecilia García Arocha, will step down on July 14, leaving behind a legacy of university autonomy. The election aims to be transparent and autonomous, managed by UCV's Electoral Commission.

The Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV) is preparing for its first rectoral elections in 15 years, scheduled for May 26, 2023. The elections will include the participation of employees and workers for the first time, a condition imposed by the Tribunal Supremo de Justicia. The current rector, Cecilia García Arocha, will step down after 15 years, leaving behind a legacy of university autonomy. The election process will be mixed, using UCV's optical readers without the technical support of the Consejo Nacional Electoral. The Federación de Centros Universitarios de la UCV emphasizes the need for a transparent and autonomous election process. The elections will determine new university authorities, including the rector, vice-rectors, deans, and secretaries, with a second round if no candidate achieves a majority. The article highlights the historical significance of these elections and the challenges faced by the UCV in maintaining its autonomy amid governmental pressures.

Venezuela's Law against Hate, for Peaceful Coexistence and Tolerance, is being used to suppress freedom of expression, with penalties of up to 20 years in prison for any speech deemed to incite hatred, violence, or discrimination. The law has led to the persecution of individuals like 72-year-old TikToker Olga Mata, who was subjected to legal action for a satirical video. Organizations like Espacio Público and Ipys have criticized the law's arbitrary application, which contradicts international standards and the Venezuelan Constitution. Similar laws exist in Cuba and Nicaragua, where they are also used to stifle dissent. The article highlights the increasing censorship in Venezuela, the selective enforcement of the hate crime law, and the chilling effect it has on public discourse.

Volker Turk, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, expressed concerns over ongoing human rights violations in Venezuela, including arbitrary detentions, media restrictions, and deaths during security operations. He emphasized the need for economic policies to incorporate human rights considerations and called for attention to indigenous peoples' rights. Turk also criticized the proposed law regulating NGOs and urged alignment with international human rights standards.

Yosmary Katherine Guerra Viloria was fatally injured during food riots in Mérida, Venezuela, in January 2018. The severe economic crisis led to widespread food shortages, causing protests and looting. Alba Pacheco, a local food distributor, was accused of hoarding food and inciting violence. The article details the tragic events leading to Guerra's death and the ongoing struggle for justice by her mother, Ninoska Viloria. The Observatorio Venezolano de Conflictividad Social reported numerous protests and looting incidents during this period, reflecting the dire situation in the country.