Enhancing the robustness of end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems against adversarially-noisy speech examples through a Bayesian neural network (BNN) based adversarial detector. The proposed system models latent distributions to counter adaptive adversarial perturbations, improving detection rates by 2.77% to 5.42% and reducing word error rates by 5.02% to 7.47% on LibriSpeech datasets compared to current methods.

A randomized controlled trial conducted at the Pakistan Emirates Military Hospital in Rawalpindi assessed the effects of Salbutamol and Furosemide in treating transient tachypnea of newborns. The study included 100 newborns divided into four groups, with Group-C receiving both treatments showing a significant reduction in oxygen dependency duration compared to the control group. The study found that while both Salbutamol and Furosemide individually reduced oxygen dependency, the combined treatment was more effective.

A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the association of umbilical cord lactate levels and pH with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) in neonates born with intrapartum asphyxia at Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Out of 1000 neonates, 790 did not develop HIE, while 210 developed Grade-I, II, or III encephalopathies. The study found a significant association between raised serum lactate and base deficit with the presence and severity of HIE.

A case-control study at the Department of Paediatrics, Pak-Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from November 2021 to April 2022, included 332 patients to determine the frequency and association of different risk factors for morbidity and mortality in neonates. Factors such as low birth weight, multiple gestations, premature delivery, male gender, and lack of antenatal care were associated with increased mortality. Conditions like early-onset neonatal sepsis, hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy, meconium aspiration syndrome, congenital anomalies, and inborn errors of metabolism also showed a higher association with mortality.

Sustainable infrastructure is crucial for addressing climate change and societal needs, with investments in electrified public transport and essential utilities enhancing community living standards. Despite its benefits, sustainable infrastructure faces challenges like high initial capital demands, lack of standardized guidelines, and greenwashing. Globally, a significant investment is required to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050, with the EU's SFDR and Taxonomy frameworks ensuring environmental accountability. Luxembourg is committed to green investments, with the Coalition Agreement outlining plans for sustainable development, energy transition, and green urban spaces, positioning the country as a leader in sustainable infrastructure.

Bill Gates predicted that 2024 would be a significant year for AI, which has already shown potential in 2023. The rapid adoption of AI technologies like ChatGPT and Midjourney has raised concerns about the future of AI, including ethical, legal, and privacy issues. A global AI security summit in the UK highlighted the need for regulation. Experts from Johns Hopkins University, The Hertie School of Governance, and the University of Paderborn discussed the hype, limitations, and societal impact of AI, emphasizing the need for technological education to combat misinformation and the importance of government regulation to address AI's challenges.

Using a sample of 13,412 firm-year observations from 19 emerging economies between 2011 and 2019, the study investigates the relationship between firms' ESG performance and value creation in the product market. The findings indicate a strong positive effect of ESG performance on future value creation, supported by various regression models and endogeneity tests. The study highlights the importance of ESG activities for firms' profitability and competitive advantage, suggesting that firms with higher ESG performance attract more customers and maintain higher profit margins. The results have practical implications for market participants and policymakers, emphasizing the need for appropriate ESG reporting and disclosure.

The article compares the historical concept of Pax Romana to the modern Pax Americana, suggesting that the latter, like the former, masks aggressive expansionism and global division. It critiques the US for its unilateral military interventions and biased stance in conflicts such as those in Gaza and Ukraine. The article highlights China's contrasting approach, emphasizing Beijing's call for ceasefires, justice for Palestinians, and a two-state solution. China's non-interference policy and economic cooperation in the Middle East are contrasted with the US's security-driven approach. The article suggests that China's engagement strategy, which avoids taking sides and promotes development, is gaining clout, especially among developing nations. It also notes a shift in global influence, with China increasingly seen as a mediator in conflicts where the US has lost credibility, as evidenced by its role in the Iran-Saudi détente and its advocacy for peace talks in Ukraine.

The rapid proliferation of AI has raised significant concerns about control, accountability, and potential risks, prompting a landmark AI Safety Summit in the UK. The summit concluded with AI developers agreeing to collaborate with governments to test new models before public release, aiming to mitigate risks such as privacy erosion and global catastrophe. Despite geopolitical tensions, the US, EU, and China agreed to a unified approach to address AI risks. The summit highlighted the need for international cooperation and transparency in AI regulation, though differences in viewpoints and geopolitical interests remain significant challenges.

The article discusses the recent expansion of BRICS, highlighting its potential to amplify the voice of the Global South in global affairs. It covers the ongoing Middle East crisis, including the International Court of Justice case brought by South Africa against Israel and the US-UK air strikes in Yemen. The article emphasizes the political and economic implications of BRICS expansion, including the potential for a new global currency to counter US dollar hegemony and increased influence in the energy market. The inclusion of new members like Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Iran, the UAE, and Ethiopia is seen as a significant development that could reshape global geopolitics and economics.

Blue Eye Samurai, a new animated series on Netflix, has gained cult status for its stunning animation, gripping action sequences, and nuanced narrative that transcends traditional revenge stories. The series explores themes of gender identity and societal ostracism through its protagonist, Mizu, a mixed-race woman passing as a male samurai. The antagonist, Abijah Fowler, is depicted as a critique of Western colonialism and imperialism. The series masterfully avoids sermonizing while addressing representation and trans anxieties, culminating in a dramatic portrayal of vengeance and its destructive consequences.

Pakistan's financial technology sector faces significant challenges due to regulatory curbs, increasing operational costs, and economic uncertainties. The recent distress deals involving SadaPay and Papara highlight the precarious position of fintech companies. The investment climate has shifted, with a notable downturn in venture capital, exacerbating pressures on electronic money institutions (EMIs) and tech start-ups. Inflation and currency devaluation have further complicated financial operations, while new fiscal measures have increased the tax burden on the sector. Talent retention is also a concern, with professionals opting for freelancing or opportunities abroad. Regulatory restrictions on fund transfers and interchange fees hinder revenue generation for start-ups. The State Bank of Pakistan is urged to provide a supportive framework to prevent crises and foster a stable digital finance sector. Despite the issuance of new digital banking licenses, economic and regulatory challenges may impede progress. Proactive regulatory support and effective governance are essential for navigating these uncertain times.

The study leverages artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques to identify and predict cardiovascular disease (CVD) using transcriptomic biomarkers. By integrating clinical and genomics data, the research aims to enhance the understanding of CVD and improve early detection and treatment. The study employs a combination of statistical algorithms and machine learning models, including Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, k-Nearest Neighbors, and XGBoost, to create a predictive engine. The findings highlight the identification of novel biomarkers and the potential for personalized medicine in diagnosing and treating CVD. The research underscores the importance of precision medicine and the integration of diverse data types for accurate disease prediction and improved patient outcomes.

Global drylands, covering 41% of Earth's surface and home to 38% of the world's population, face significant challenges such as water scarcity, low water productivity, and food insecurity. Traditional irrigation methods often lead to inefficient water use, whereas smart irrigation technologies, including AI, deep learning, and UAVs, can enhance water use efficiency and crop yields. These technologies consider various factors like soil and climate variations to optimize irrigation. The adoption of smart irrigation systems is crucial for achieving Sustainable Development Goals and improving living standards in drylands. However, challenges such as high costs, the need for site-specific soil analysis, and farmer education must be addressed for widespread implementation.

Pakistan offers a rich tapestry of experiences, from the majestic peaks of the Himalayas to the vibrant streets of Lahore and Karachi. The country's diverse landscapes, historical sites, and culinary delights provide a captivating journey through its cultural and natural splendor. Key destinations include the serene Swat Valley, the ancient city of Peshawar, and the bustling metropolis of Karachi, each offering unique flavors and experiences that highlight Pakistan's heritage and beauty.

Eid al-Adha, also known as the 'Festival of Sacrifice,' is a significant Islamic celebration commemorating Prophet Ibrahim's willingness to sacrifice his son in obedience to God. The festival, which coincides with the annual Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca, emphasizes faith, selflessness, and community. Key rituals include animal sacrifice, prayers, and festive gatherings, all of which foster unity and charity among Muslims worldwide. The celebration transcends geographical boundaries, reinforcing a shared identity and purpose among the global Muslim community.

Middle East holidays offer a captivating blend of ancient history, vibrant cultures, and breathtaking landscapes. Travelers can explore ancient sites like the pyramids of Egypt and Petra in Jordan, experience Bedouin traditions in Oman, and enjoy the natural beauty of places like Wadi Rum and the Arabian Gulf. The region also offers spiritual landmarks such as Jerusalem and Mecca, and is renowned for its hospitality, providing a range of accommodation options from traditional guesthouses to luxurious resorts.

The study investigates the impact of behavioral biases on investment decision making in the Pakistani equity market, examining the roles of market anomalies and financial literacy. It documents empirical evidence that behavioral biases and market anomalies are closely associated and significantly influence investors' decision making. The study confirms the mediating roles of certain market anomalies and reveals that financial literacy moderates the association between behavioral biases and market anomalies, ultimately affecting investment decisions. Although results are inconclusive for certain variables, the study highlights the importance of financial literacy for optimal investment decision making and overall stock market stability.

A precision realization of photonic thermometry using dual-comb spectroscopy to interrogate a π-phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating is reported. The method achieves a readout stability of 7.5 mK at 1 s and resolves temperature changes of similar magnitude, suitable for most industrial applications. The dual-comb approach enables rapid sensing of dynamic temperature, and the scalable and reconfigurable electro-optic generation scheme allows a broad sensing range without laser tuning. Reproducibility on the International Temperature Scale of 1990 is tested, limited by the frequency reference and check-thermometer stability. This demonstration opens the door for a universal interrogator deployable to multiple photonic devices in parallel for complex multi-physical quantity measurements.

The entertainment industry is exploring the use of AI-based image generators, AI voice generators, and deepfake technology to reimagine media franchises, as demonstrated by a YouTube user's AI-generated ad featuring Harry Potter in the world of high-fashion brand Balenciaga. The video has drawn attention, including praise from Elon Musk, amidst discussions on the potential future of art and entertainment. Historical skepticism towards new technologies like radio, television, and the internet is cited, suggesting that AI could similarly become integral to media. Concerns are raised about the ethical implications of AI, the potential for misinformation, and the overreliance on AI, as seen in a recent incident where a man committed suicide after interacting with an AI chatbot. The article suggests that AI-generated content could lead to a future where the distinction between reality and fiction becomes increasingly blurred.

Amid US-China tensions over the South China Sea and the war in Ukraine, a high-altitude balloon from China drifted over the US, leading to its shootdown by the US military. The US accused China of espionage, while China claimed it was a civilian meteorological balloon. Subsequent aerial incidents involved unidentified objects, later clarified as likely private entities. Experts suggest the simplest explanations, emphasizing the strategic and intelligence implications of such balloons. The incidents highlight the crowded and complex nature of modern airspace and the challenges in distinguishing between benign and potentially hostile objects.

The review discusses the application of biochar for the remediation of polluted soils, highlighting its potential to immobilize and eliminate heavy metals and organic pollutants. It examines the factors affecting biochar's efficacy, such as production conditions and application rates, and addresses the associated toxicity risks, including the formation of volatile organic compounds, dioxins, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during pyrolysis. The review emphasizes the importance of selecting unpolluted feedstock and optimizing carbonization technology to mitigate these risks. It also outlines future research directions to ensure the sustainable and safe application of biochar for soil improvement.

The Tenjin Business Center in Fukuoka, Japan, completed in 2021, features a unique pixelated façade designed by OMA, with engineering and construction by Nihon Sekkei and Maeda Corporation. The building integrates seamlessly with the local pedestrian, business, and public transit systems, and includes green terraces and a central atrium illuminated with warm lighting. The design respects the nearby Naka River and Hakata Bay, with rounded, illuminated edges creating a melting ice cube effect.

The article discusses various developments in Pakistani sports. The Pakistan Sports Board announced plans to build a stadium named after the late Olympian Mansoor Ahmed and will provide Rs1 million to his family. Mansoor Ahmed, who passed away in Karachi, had declined a heart transplant in Pakistan, expressing a desire to have it in India instead. The Pakistan Hockey Federation's President Khokhar and leadership were re-elected unopposed, with Khokhar committing to work towards achieving targets including the Pakistan Hockey League. Wrestler Muhammad Inam won a gold medal for Pakistan at the Commonwealth Games, while wrestler Bilal secured a bronze. The ICC has set up a dispute resolution committee to address the PCB and BCCI dispute over a breach of an MoU. Olympians have accused PHF officials of embezzlement and constitutional violations, prompting complaints to the IOC and FIH.